neuroinflammation

Researchers found that KAT7 promotes CMPK2-driven mitochondrial DNA release in microglia, activating inflammatory cGAS-STING and NLRP3 pathways linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

The cGAS-STING pathway is emerging as a key driver of chronic neuroinflammation through its effects on glial activation, neuronal stress, blood-brain barrier integrity, and type I interferon signaling. The review highlights why selective, context-dependent modulation of cGAS-STING could help treat neurodegenerative diseases, while preserving its essential roles in antiviral defense and tumor surv…

Nature Communications, Published online: 09 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74038-4 Semaglutide attenuates brain inflammation in mice, coordinately reversing inflammatory gene programs across diverse brain cell types likely engaging both neuronal circuits and peripheral immune responses to drive resolution.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises diverse neurodevelopmental trajectories in which altered circuit dynamics converge on a disturbance of excitation–inhibition balance. Genetic, postmortem, neuroimaging, and model-system evidence implicates γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors as a major molecular node within this imbalance. ASD has been associated with changes in GABAA receptor sub…

Astrocytes are critical regulators of brain homeostasis and are known to be disrupted during alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we describe what is known about astrocytic dysfunction in AUD and the emerging literature supporting a mechanistic link to connexins in the pathophysiology of this disorder. We integrate what is known in the current literature and highlight areas where a lack of evidence …

Neuroinflammation is a fundamental pathological hallmark driving the initiation and progression of various neurological disorders. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid abundant in medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables, exerts multifaceted neuroprotective effects across diverse experimental disease models. Its beneficial activities are mediated through complementary mechanisms, including suppression o…

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 21 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02302-3 Foamy microglia are associated with multiple sclerosis progression, linking phagocytosis, altered lipid metabolism (oxylipins) and lysosomal stress to nonclassical neuroinflammation and disease severity, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Author: Associate Professor Huong Ha Affiliations: Brain Health Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Key themes: • Development of neuroscience in Vietnam • Clinical to mechanistic neuroscience • Neuroinflammation research • Computational neuroscience and AI • International collaboration • Vietnam’s growing global ro…

Scientific Reports, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51581-0 TLR7-induced murine inflammation results in a global neuroinflammatory response driving neural circuit-specific transcriptomic changes

Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 gene. NPC1 deficit primarily disrupts lipid homeostasis and subsequently drives cellular degeneration through mechanisms involving impaired autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and, recently demonstrated NAD depletion that links autophagy impairment…

Nature Immunology, Published online: 18 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02516-4 Kerndl and colleagues identify that arginase 1-expressing monocyte-derived cells mediate arginine catabolism and detrimental effects during experimental autoimmune encephalitis-triggered neuroinflammation.

Scientific Reports, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-52911-y Cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum cytokine levels identify a neuroinflammatory nexus in Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses, involves abnormal deposition of α-Synuclein and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Beyond this, there is increasing evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) interfere in disease initiation and progression. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects the intestine and t…

Chronic pain affects hundreds of millions worldwide, yet current treatments—from NSAIDs to opioids—fall short and bring unwanted side effects. Neuroinflammation drives bidirectional glial-neuronal communication, a core mechanism underlying central sensitization in chronic pain, with chemokines serving as key mediators. Most studies to date have zeroed in on isolated pathways or specific anatomica…

A novel molecular class that recruits HDAC/MECP2 complexes to PU.1 motifs reduces neuroinflammation Ralvenius, William T; Mungenast, Alison E; Woolf, Hannah; Huston, Margaret M; Gillingham, Tyler Z; Godin, Stephen K; Penney, Jay; Cam, Hugh P; Gao, Fan; Fernandez, Celia G; Czako, Barbara; Lightfoot, Yaima; Ray, William J; Beckmann, Adrian; Goate, Alison M; Marcora, Edoardo; Romero-Molina, Carmen; …

IntroductionExcessive activation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) contributes to chronic neuroinflammation, in part through spatial coupling with the adenosine-generating enzyme CD73, which enables localized adenosine signaling. Coordinated regulation of Nt5e and Adora2a across neuropathological conditions supports dual targeting of the CD73/A2AR axis to constrain maladaptive inflammatory sig…