neuroinflammation

A systematic review of animal research suggests that caffeine can reduce anxiety and depressive-like behaviors by acting as a brake on the brain's immune system and lowering neuroinflammation.

Scientific Reports, Published online: 21 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50683-z Sulforaphane-induced NRF2 activation improves spatial memory and modulates neuroinflammation in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Conditions such as long COVID-19, Alzheimer’s disease and meningitis can damage the line of communication between your brain and your muscles.

BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that the neuroprotective effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), an extract compound and bioactive constituent derived from traditional Chinese herbs, may be relevant to an effective prescription for delaying progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeut…

S100A6 (calcyclin) is a multifunctional Ca2+/Zn2+-binding protein of the S100 family, widely expressed in neurons and glia with a developmentally regulated and cell-type-specific pattern. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its roles in the nervous system. We detail its complex interactome, which includes cytoskeletal regulators, molecular chaperones, nuclear transport proteins, and cell…

dc.title: Nanomedicine Strategies to Ameliorate Neuroinflammation and Prevent Secondary Neural Tissue Damage dc.description.abstract: The burden of neurological disease remains a global issue continually rising requiring the need for effective therapeutics to disrupt disease progression. Across neurological diseases, neuroinflammation presents as shared a pathophysiological hallmark presenting a …

Nature Communications, Published online: 08 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75862-4 Strategies to modulate neuroinflammation have broad therapeutic potential. Here, the authors develop siMETTL3-hNVs, nanovesicles carrying siRNA targeting METTL3, and show they can reduce neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo.

IntroductionInflammatory processes contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of depression. Although the melanocortin system is well known to regulate inflammation, the specific contribution of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and its endogenous ligand, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), to inflammation-associated depression remains unclear.MethodsSystemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) admi…

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and long-term disability in the United States. The initial primary injury in TBI is followed by a secondary injury cascade of molecular events, which can persist for years, and contributes to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and long-term functional deficits after TBI. In this review, we will discuss evidence that cellular senescence in …

People with borderline personality disorder may experience low-grade systemic inflammation that corresponds to structural differences in the brain's internal wiring. A recent study links elevated immune markers to reduced integrity in brain pathways that regulate human emotion.

Nature Communications, Published online: 04 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76302-z Metabolic shifts govern microglial plasticity during neuroinflammation. Here, the authors show that lactate ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis by driving microglial H4K12 lactylation, a neuroprotective state restricted by HDAC1.

Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) after stroke is hard to treat because the blood–brain barrier (BBB) blocks most drugs, while reperfusion triggers oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and neuroinflammation. We designed a neutrophil hitchhiking lipid nanoparticle (RKH Neu@Mino) by conjugating an RKH peptide (from Akkermansia muciniphila) onto DSPE PEG maleimide and encapsulating minocycline v…

ObjectiveNeuroinflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Calycosin (Caly) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, little is known about its potential role in microglia-mediated neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether Caly atte…

BackgroundPlant polysaccharides possess significant anticonvulsant potential. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of polysaccharide-rich birch sap (PRBS), previously characterized as primarily low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (MW·1.29 kDa), in a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced acute seizures.MethodsRats received oral PRBS (6/10 mL/kg) for 7 days before KA-induced (15 mg/…

Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, redox balance, calcium signaling, and cell survival, making them essential for neuronal function. Because neurons rely heavily on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to meet their high energetic demands, mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a key pathogenic driver in major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease…