Frontiers in Neuroscience | New and Recent Articles

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the total burden score of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), global cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cognitive function. Moreover, the internal pathway through which OSA induces cognitive impairment by affecting cerebral perfusion, and overall cerebral small vessel lesions was d…

IntroductionSpeech is organized into discrete utterances and pauses in accordance with underlying linguistic structure, temporal coordination, prosodic organization, and respiratory demands. Temporal speech characteristics, including rhythmic and pausing patterns, are governed by multiple neurophysiological mechanisms and provide valuable insights for the assessment and management of motor speech…

PurposeThis study investigated the topological organization of brain networks in Sanda athletes across different training levels to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the sport’s exceptional sensorimotor integration and training-related neural plasticity.MethodsMultimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from 35 participants, including elite athletes, second-level athl…

BackgroundTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that can enhance motor function. The striatum is a central hub for motor control and β-band oscillations, and its tyrosine hydroxylase-positive interneurons (THINs) are modulated by dopamine. However, whether THINs are associated with motor changes following tACS through β-band synchrony has n…

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and pathogenic variants in GBA1 are among its most frequent genetic risk factors. Biallelic pathogenic GBA1 variants cause Gaucher Disease (GD). In patients with parkinsonism and two detected GBA1 variants, the absence of biochemical confirmation and allele phasing may make it difficult to determine whether the neurological presenta…

We derive the nonlinear dynamics of neuronal membrane potential from fundamental physical symmetries using Lie group theory. Starting from three experimentally verified symmetries [rotational invariance of paramagnetic ion (Ca2 +, Na+) orientation producing SO(2), scale invariance of membrane conductance ratios producing ℝ, and time-translation symmetry producing ℝ], we prove that these independe…

BackgroundRupture of intracranial aneurysms leads to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with severe adverse outcomes. Current retrospective imaging studies merely differentiate existing ruptured and unruptured aneurysms instead of forecasting prospective rupture risk. To address this limitation, we constructed a multimodal fusion model combining handcrafted radiomics and deep learning embeddings …

PurposeDirect Saturation Dynamic Glucose Enhanced (DS-DGE) MRI is a novel technique that utilizes low B1 strength and short saturation pulse duration to measure the effect of enhanced T2 relaxation caused by the infusion of D-glucose, resulting in linewidth broadening of the direct water saturation (DS) signal in the water saturation spectrum (Z-spectrum). In this simulation-supported protocol op…

Auditory scene analysis benefits from spatial separation of the sound sources to be disentangled. Studies characterizing the ability to localize sound sources have revealed that spatial ambiguities can be resolved by slightly moving the head. This implies that the auditory system must take into account how head movements displace the sensors (ears) relative to the sound source, in order to separa…

IntroductionIn 394 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we investigated the association between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations and clinical phenotypes.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between 22 AAs and clinical features, reporting odds ratios.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 3.5 years (interquartile range: 2.8–4.6 years)…

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to a gradual decline in cognitive and memory function. Multimodal neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has become a central diagnostic tool for tracking disease progression, supporting diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up monitoring. Manual delineation of brain structures by…

Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy are drug-resistant, and for many of them surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) offers the best chance of seizure freedom. Because the EZ cannot be measured directly by any single test, it must be inferred from the convergence of complementary imaging markers, and multimodal neuroimaging fusion has therefore become central to modern presurgic…

BackgroundFunctional status after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may improve after discharge, but paired assessments at discharge and long-term follow-up have rarely been used to distinguish delayed recovery from persistent disability. We characterized discharge-to-12-month recovery patterns after endovascular treatment and identified factors associated with persistent disability among…

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein E (apoE4) accelerates neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model, but the mechanism is still unclear. A previous study reported that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) interacts with the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, this DAPK1–NR2B interaction increases calcium intake in cells, leading to cell damage. …

IntroductionPhysicians and neurotechnology companies each play a critical collaborative role when integrating neurotechnology into clinical practice. Physicians serve as gatekeepers and decision-makers in adopting neurotechnology, while companies often support the development, training, and maintenance of these devices. Relationships with industry require physicians to navigate complex clinical, …

Worldwide risk of autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS), varies between populations. One key factor is immune variation attributed to genetic variation. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a central role in antigen presentation, immune regulation, and host-pathogen interactions. Variation across HLA genes has substantial clinical implications, influencing risk for a…

BackgroundEpi-transcriptomic modifications, particularly N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), and chronic neuroinflammation have emerged as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the specific molecular co-expression patterns linking ac4C RNA modification to neuronal inflammatory responses remains largely uncharted.ObjectiveThis study aimed to decode the ac4C-neuroinflammat…

IntroductionMedulloblastomas (MBs) are a highly aggressive paediatric brain tumour which is very difficult to treat. Lipid metabolism has emerged as a crucial determinant of tumour progression, metastasis and therapy resistance in MBs. Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid-rich organelles that store neutral lipids; their biology and function remain poorly characterised within MBs.MethodsMB cells from th…

Consciousness is often treated as an evolutionary anomaly, a costly capacity with unclear adaptive origins. Here, cognition and consciousness are distinguished as separate evolutionary lineages, with consciousness arising when an organism must coordinate otherwise distinct regulatory processes to resolve competing demands affecting its own viability. Its functional precursors predate nervous syst…

BackgroundChronic migraine (CM) is more disabling than episodic migraine (EM), but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine chronification remain incompletely understood. We investigated central executive network (CEN)-related neuromagnetic abnormalities in CM and EM.MethodsThe original cohort included 22 patients with CM, 20 with EM, and 25 healthy controls (HCs). An independent val…