Frontiers in Neuroscience | New and Recent Articles

BackgroundPatients with minor ischemic stroke may still experience early neurological deterioration when severe intracranial stenosis or occlusion is present. The optimal role of endovascular treatment (EVT) in this imaging-defined population remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with EVT and to explore prognostic factors in patients with minor ischemic stro…

IntroductionRobust, biocompatible ceramic electrical interconnects are essential for bridging the gap between macro-scale components, such as helically wound leads and connectors, and thin-film polyimide electrodes in neural interfaces. While screen-printed thick-film structures have been utilized for decades, there is a need to broaden the design space and improve reliability through thin-film t…

BackgroundInsomnia and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among healthcare professionals and pose risks to patient safety. Brain Dynamic Audio Stimulation (BDAS) is a non-invasive, open-loop auditory intervention intended to facilitate sleep initiation. This single-arm pilot feasibility study examined the feasibility and preliminary signal of a 14-day BDAS intervention in healthcare professi…

This study investigates the potential of electroencephalography-based neurometrics to enhance vocational interest assessment within John L. Holland’s RIASEC framework, which classifies occupational preferences across six dimensions: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The research compares occupational interest profiles obtained through a widely used self-r…

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently complicated by cognitive impairment, yet the underlying large-scale structural network alterations remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate individualized structural covariance networks (ISCNs) based on sulcal depth in COPD patients and to explore their relationship with cognitive performance.MethodsSeventy-two …

Stroke recovery is increasingly understood as a process shaped by disrupted interactions among motor intention, descending motor output, peripheral movement, and sensory feedback, rather than by motor weakness alone. After stroke, residual motor intention may not be effectively translated into spinal motor output, peripheral movement may be too limited to provide sufficient sensory feedback, and …

IntroductionPrior evidence suggests auditory short-term memory (STM) and repetition share several processing elements. However, it remains elusive whether auditory STM capacity and repetition ability show overlapping neural correlates. We sought to identify the brain structures underpinning STM capacity and repetition outcomes in patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke and aphasia.MethodsFif…

BackgroundIdiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is an otologic emergency with highly variable recovery despite prompt treatment. Because inflammatory chemotaxis and apoptosis are implicated in cochlear injury, serum biomarkers reflecting these pathways may improve early risk stratification.MethodsIn this single-center observational study, 209 consecutive adults with unilateral ISS…

Muscle spindles are essential proprioceptive receptors that provide the sensory foundation for posture, movement coordination, and reflex control. However, their location deep inside muscles and complex three-dimensional architecture have historically limited morphological analysis to labor-intensive techniques such as silver-impregnation, muscle teasing, or serial sectioning followed by volumetr…

IntroductionExercise and metabolic health are key modulators of brain plasticity, influencing processes such as angiogenesis and neurogenesis.MethodsThe present study investigated the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on capillary density and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of diabetic (db/db) and non-diabetic (db/+) mice, using established markers for capillaries (collag…

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction is increasingly implicated in epilepsy, but the systemic metabolic alterations associated with chronic seizures remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to define peripheral metabolic signatures of chronic epilepsy in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled mouse model and to examine whether the altered pathways were supported by human epilepsy transcriptomic …

Brain implants, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), and speech neuroprostheses, are moving from the proof-of-concept stage to early clinical deployment. Although these systems target different clinical problems, we argue that they share a common closed-loop architecture (sensing, decoding, stimulation or output, power and telemetry, and chronic clinic…

The β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) system has been implicated in the pathological angiogenesis of the retina. Of the three β-ARs, the role of β3-AR remains to be elucidated. In a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), we investigated the role of β3-ARs using the 129S inbred mouse strain, which is highly responsive to hypoxia because of its marked imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factor…

The evolutionary purpose of sleep is an enduring biological mystery of the animal kingdom. Most research to date has investigated the processes that occur during sleep as opposed to why it evolved in the first place, and a recent theory proposes this behavior evolved to restrict activity to one temporal niche. Circadian rhythms are intimately linked to sleep, and in derived species, sleep-wake be…

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been suggested to be closely associated with cognitive decline, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study sought to explore the potential association between cognitive function and auditory cortex functional connectivity in patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) and investigate the possible neural mechanisms …

BackgroundHigh-altitude environments impose unique physiological and cognitive demands that may reorganize brain–body communication. Our study investigates whether chronic high-altitude exposure is associated with a shift in perceptual priority toward internally-directed processing, rather than merely modifying external processing speed or accuracy.MethodsWe recruited 112 Han immigrants residing …

BackgroundEpilepsy (EP) is a prevalent neurological disorder with complex etiology, often involving metabolic dysregulation. Emerging evidence highlights the role of tryptophan metabolism (TM) and astrocyte dysfunction in EP pathogenesis. This study aimed to decode the TM and astrocyte (TA)-related molecular signature and identify a central therapeutic target for EP.MethodsBy integrating seven hi…

IntroductionDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) has been associated with atypical neural processing, but it remains unclear whether preschool children with DLD show altered EEG microstate organization across cognitive states. Most microstate studies in clinical populations have focused on resting-state activity, and much less is known about how microstate profiles vary across task contexts in y…