Frontiers in Neuroscience | New and Recent Articles

The foreign body reaction to implanted electrodes in the brain has long been recognized as a major challenge impacting the performance and reliability of indwelling neurotechnologies. Spatially resolved transcriptomic approaches have enabled high-resolution mapping of cellular and molecular dynamics at the device-tissue interface, yielding novel insight into both acute and chronic tissue response…

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic etiology of a case of Ververi–Brady syndrome (VBS) with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) caused by a novel de novo variant in the QRICH1 gene.MethodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from a pediatric patient admitted to Hunan Children’s Hospital on July 28, 2025, due to intermittent nodding episodes fo…

IntroductionCortical and subcortical alterations in brain intrinsic function have been widely reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, sex differences in brain intrinsic function in PD are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine sex differences in spontaneous brain intrinsic function in PD and their associations with neuropsychological measurements.MethodsUsing Parkinson’s Progressio…

ObjectiveImplantable sacral anterior root stimulators enable bladder emptying after spinal cord injury but do not prevent reflex incontinence. A closed-loop neuroprosthesis that detects and inhibits reflex bladder contractions could address this, but first, reliable detection of bladder fullness from the sacral roots. Further, the distribution of afferent bladder activity between sacral roots, an…

IntroductionArtificial intelligence has become an increasingly relevant field of research in the study of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), offering novel technological approaches for the analysis, detection, and support of individuals on the autism spectrum. The aim of this study was to systematically review recent scientific literature examining the application of artificial intelligence in ASD.M…

PurposeHead circumference (HC) is an important clinical parameter in neuropediatrics, but it is often missing or outdated in referral information. This can lead to subjective, reader-dependent estimation during MRI interpretation. We first aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based methods for HC measurement against the tape measure (ground truth), and second to establish an automate…

Perceptual training yields specific, long-lasting improvements, yet its transfer to untrained conditions is often limited. This tension has been proposed to involve interactions between early sensory plasticity and higher-order parietal processes, with the early visual cortex contributing to stimulus-specific learning and parietal regions potentially supporting more flexible generalization. Howev…

Mental disorders pose a major and growing challenge for health care systems worldwide, marked by persistent treatment gaps and limited access to psychotherapeutic care. Mind–body interventions such as mindfulness and relaxation practices are widely used in clinical contexts as low-threshold strategies to support stress regulation and psychological well-being. Despite their broad application, the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory remodeling. Although these mechanisms have been extensively investigated, how systemic metabolic and microbiota-derived signals intersect with neuronal translational co…

BackgroundAdequate maternal micronutrient status during pregnancy may play an important role in fetal neurodevelopment. Emerging evidence suggests that deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid, often exacerbated by modern dietary patterns characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods, may adversely affect cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes in offspring. Despite g…

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Acupuncture effectively alleviates IBS symptoms, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current evidence to propose a mechanistic framework by which acupuncture treats IBS through MGB axis modulation. We syst…

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The incidence and the severity of hypertension is higher in middle-aged men than women. The hallmark of hypertension is an increased sympathetic nerve activity to the cardiovascular organs. One mechanism that regulates sympathetic nerve activity is the homeostatic bar…

Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory interneurons are central components of experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex (V1). Anatomically, they are distributed across cortical layers and are traditionally classified as basket, chandelier, or bipolar cells based on dendritic and axonal arborization patterns. In parallel, physiological, transcriptomic, connectomic, and multimodal studies…

BackgroundAcute branch atheromatous disease (BAD) is one of the leading contributors to morbidity and disability in Asia, and early neurological deterioration (END) is common in affected patients. This study aimed to establish machine learning models to predict the risk of END in patients without reperfusion therapy.MethodsPatients with acute BAD who did not receive reperfusion therapy were retro…

Cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has emerged as a practical neuromodulation approach with FDA-cleared indications in primary headache disorders, yet skepticism persists over whether transcutaneous stimulation can reliably engage vagal fibers or whether observed benefits reflect nonspecific cervical activation. Here, we synthesize converging anatomical, biophysical, physiologic…

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effects of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper and lower limb motor dysfunction in patients with basal ganglia infarction, and to preliminarily explore their underlying electrophysiological mechanisms.MethodsThirty patients with motor dysfunction secondary to basal ganglia infarction, ho…

BackgroundMonocular enucleation, the surgical removal of one eye, occurs early in life and leads to changes in visual, auditory, and audiovisual processing in adulthood. These changes can be observed behaviorally, as well as through cortical structure and white matter connectivity of visual and auditory pathways. Subcortically, the thalamus is a critical sensory processing structure that modulate…

IntroductionSelf-care is essential for preventing secondary complications and supporting community reintegration after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, evidence is limited on how self-care changes over time after discharge and whether distinct subgroups exhibit different trajectories.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, 220 patients with SCI were recruited from a tertiary hospital in northern Chi…

IntroductionMammalian sleep is characterized by alternations between episodes of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and non-REM sleep (NREMS). The phenomenon of REMS pressure, namely a drive for REMS that builds up between REMS episodes, is thought to govern the timing of these ultradian NREMS-REMS cycles. Prior analyses of NREMS-REMS cycles in mice suggested that time in NREMS is a primary contribu…