Frontiers in Neuroscience | New and Recent Articles

IntroductionMalodors in the human body can diminish comfort in living and working environments, potentially increasing stress and dissatisfaction levels. Therefore, there is a growing need to objectively characterize the properties of human body malodor. The brain extracts various types of information from odor stimuli. Although the central processing pathways of the human olfactory system are no…

BackgroundFrontotemporal dementia is an umbrella term that encompasses several clinical syndromes with impaired behavioral, language, and motor functions. These syndromes show considerable overlap in clinical features and imaging patterns. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the syndromic heterogeneity in FTD using unbiased data-driven approaches.MethodsWe used data-driven clustering analys…

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the correlation between trace element concentrations, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and the severity of tic disorders (TD) in children from the Hubei region. Additionally, it seeks to explore the interrelationships among these monitored indicators to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric TD.MethodsA retrospective …

Amblyopia is a common childhood visual disorder caused by abnormal visual experience that drives visual cortical plasticity during the sensitive period. The timing and forms of treatment with patching therapy and other therapeutic interventions have been extensively studied; however, sex has not been a primary focus in studies examining amblyopia. This mini-review synthesizes evidence for sex dif…

Background and purposeRadiotherapy (RT) often causes delayed radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) with unclear pathophysiology; emerging evidence links this to glymphatic dysfunction, but radiation effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and interstitial fluid-CSF exchange are unstudied. Thus, we used choroid plexus (CP) volume and free-water fraction (FWF) imaging to assess glymphatic chan…

BackgroundThis study investigated whether manual therapy applied to tendon organs ameliorated neuromuscular dysfunction in rats with spasticity induced by upper motor neuron injury associated with spastic cerebral palsy, and analyzed the potential involvement of the C-fiber-mediated CaMKII signaling pathway.MethodsMale rats were used to establish palsy models and divided into groups: Control, Mod…

BackgroundIdentifying factors predictive of relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following a period of abstinence and/or treatment is essential to discover effective treatment plans for this disease. Previous evidence found that individuals with AUD who relapsed had lower sleep regularity scores than those who did not relapse. This analysis aimed to extend previous work to explore …

Multimodal data integration is increasingly central to neuroscience and perception science, where heterogeneous signals such as behavioral responses, sensory inputs, electrophysiological recordings, neuroimaging measurements, and computational representations must be jointly interpreted. Based on the realistic background, there is a core theoretical problem that needs further research: under what…

Exercise promotes neurogenesis and enhances memory consolidation while reducing the retention of aversive memories and anxiety-like behaviors. While our previous work found that acute exercise alters neurotransmitter concentrations, including dopamine and serotonin, in a time-of-day-dependent manner, the long-term effects of chronically timed exercise on neurotransmitter dynamics and behavioral p…

Chronic pain affects hundreds of millions worldwide, yet current treatments—from NSAIDs to opioids—fall short and bring unwanted side effects. Neuroinflammation drives bidirectional glial-neuronal communication, a core mechanism underlying central sensitization in chronic pain, with chemokines serving as key mediators. Most studies to date have zeroed in on isolated pathways or specific anatomica…

People learn from experience, but with considerable individual differences in the degree and type of behavioral adjustments resulting from a given experience. Error driven learning rules provide an elegant framework for explaining both learning behavior and its neural signatures; however, implementing them requires carving the world into so-called “latent states”, that serve as substrates for lea…

Marker selection precision in neuronal studies is critical for reliable neuron identification. However, it largely depends on the experimental context. Variations in neuronal marker specificity across experimental models, neuronal maturation stages, and neurotransmitter phenotypes have highlighted the vitality of implementing “context-tuned” strategies in marker selection. Neuronal markers arise …

IntroductionVisual electrophysiology, including electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP), provides a real-time functional assessment of retinal and post-retinal pathways, complementing structural imaging. Subtypes such as transient, periodic, multifocal, and code-modulated signals probe distinct physiological mechanisms and reveal pathological signatures ranging from photorecep…

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables non-invasive biochemical sampling of tissues, potentially aiding diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of various pathologies, while providing novel imaging biomarkers. Ultra-high-field (UHF) imaging at 7 tesla (7T) benefits from improved spectral dispersion due to an increase in chemical shift differences between metabolites, and a higher sig…

BackgroundNeurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), an emerging diffusion MRI technique for estimating the microstructural pathology of brain tissue in vivo, has attracted significant research interest. However, a systematic bibliometric analysis of this field remains unexamined. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the NODDI literature to explore the current re…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system, predominantly presenting in young adults, with a steadily increasing global incidence. In China, MS is classified as a rare disease and imposes a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Current clinical management mainly relies on immunomodulatory and immunosu…

Hypertension and chronic kidney disease frequently coexist and mutually accelerate cardiovascular and renal injury. This narrative review prioritizes direct human autonomic phenotyping (Level 1: microneurography, HRV/BRS), human vascular correlates (Level 2: PWV, FMD), and complementary preclinical evidence (Level 3) to elucidate autonomic-vascular mechanisms. Autonomic imbalance, characterized b…