pharmacology

IntroductionAlcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is one of the most common alcohol-related liver disorders and is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte injury. Melatonin (MT), a potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenger, has been reported to exert hepatoprotective effects; however, its protective mechanisms against chronic alcohol-induced AFLD remain in…

IntroductionCanine osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone tumor with a high metastatic rate and poor long-term prognosis. Therapeutic resistance remains a major cause of treatment failure. In human osteosarcoma, sex hormones influence tumor survival and proliferation, and emerging evidence suggests a similar role in canine osteosarcoma. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, inhi…

Many patients believe antidepressants are addictive because withdrawal can be difficult. Addiction experts distinguish the symptoms from addiction/SUDs and drug-seeking behavior.

Despite troubling reports of anxiety and depression among users of new weight loss and diabetes medications, a comprehensive genetic and clinical analysis reveals no biological link between the drugs and mental health disorders.

Kidney cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting adults, and the most common form is called clear cell renal cell carcinoma, often shortened to ccRCC. Although treatments for this disease have improved greatly over the past decade, many patients with advanced kidney cancer eventually face a difficult problem: their cancer stops responding to […] The post New Drug Combo May Help Treat Adv…

Chlorthalidone has been used for decades to help people control high blood pressure, a condition that affects millions of people around the world. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, happens when blood pushes too strongly against the walls of the arteries. Over time, this extra pressure can damage blood vessels and increase the risk […] The post Popular Blood Pressure Drug Linked to …

GLP-1s challenge old ideas about weight loss and willpower. But can a drug disrupt the cultural ideals and myths attached to thinness?

Nature Medicine, Published online: 05 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04476-6 As presented at the American Diabetes Association Meeting: this randomized phase 2b trial in 230 adults with overweight or obesity shows that aleniglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP1-RA, led to up to 11.3% body-weight loss compared with placebo after 36 weeks of treatment.

Introduction: Cisplatin is a key drug used for anticancer therapy. However, its use is often accompanied by the development of acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to develop an optimal model of cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats and use it to study the nephroprotective properties of polydatin . Materials and Methods. The experiment was performed in 100 male Wistar rats. To test th…

A critical problem with treating Clostridioides difficile infections is the possibility that the pathogen develops resistance to fidaxomicin, an antibiotic often prescribed as a first-line treatment.

A common medication side effect can cause severe restlessness, anxiety, and aggression and can be mistaken for a psychiatric disorder.

Scientists have identified genetic variants that may make some people less responsive to GLP-1 drugs used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Roughly 10% of the population carries these variants, which appear to cause a mysterious form of "GLP-1 resistance." In several clinical trials, carriers were significantly less likely to reach healthy blood sugar targets while taking GLP-1 medications.

Every day your kidneys filter something like 180 litres of blood, sieving out waste while clinging to the things your body wants to keep. When that machinery starts to fail, it rarely does so loudly. Protein begins leaking into the urine, the filtration rate creeps downward, and the slide, once it starts, tends to keep going. For a huge slice of patients, doctors have had little to throw at that …

BackgroundDespite the increasing use of direct oral anticoagulants, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) remains important in venous thromboembolism (VTE) care when oral therapy is unsuitable, temporarily unsafe, or difficult to manage, particularly during pregnancy, cancer-associated thrombosis, renal impairment, and peri-procedural care. Objective: To review how LMWH pharmacology informs practic…

The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing worldwide as populations age, creating a growing clinical burden of fragility fractures and highlighting limitations of current antiresorptive therapies. Conventional agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab effectively reduce fracture risk but suppress osteoclast number and activity indiscriminately, potentially impairing bone remodeling dynamics …

Hyperuricemia, a prevalent metabolic disorder, is not only the primary cause of gout but also an independent risk factor for various chronic conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus, thereby posing a significant threat to multi-organ health. Iatrogenic factors represent a key pathogenic trigger for hyperuricemia. With the expanding spe…

BackgroundPatient safety in pharmacotherapy is a critical element of proper medical care, and when properly implemented, it delivers real therapeutic benefits. The project aimed to analyse the causes of medication administration errors in hospitals with varying referral levels. The study was part of a larger research project.MethodsFrom the 585 hospitals in Poland, 50 were randomly selected. The …

BackgroundPueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw and Suvat.) Niyomdham (Pueraria mirifica), locally known as “White Kwao Krua” or “white kudzu”, is a renowned medicinal botanical drug indigenous to Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand and Myanmar. It has long been utilized in ethnomedicine for estrogen-related conditions and age-associated functional decline. This review critically evaluate…