neuropharmacology

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting multiple brain regions on the recovery of consciousness in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on MCS patients between August 2022 and March 2024. Some patients received only conventional rehabilitation treatment, while oth…

For most people, pain is temporary. It starts when the body is injured and ends when healing is complete. This kind of pain helps protect us by warning us about danger. But sometimes, pain does not go away. Instead, it continues long after the body has healed. This is called chronic pain, and it affects […] The post Scientists may have found the brain’s switch for chronic pain appeared first on K…

IntroductionCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) plays a critical role in pain transmission by phosphorylating key nociceptive proteins. One of its recently identified substrates, the P2X2 subunit, is part of the P2X2/3 purinergic receptor (P2X2/3R), which is implicated in nociceptive signaling. However, the specific contribution of Cdk5 to purinergic receptor-mediated pain responses remains unclear.…

BackgroundCerebral ischemic injury includes ischemic stroke in adults and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (Dp3G) is a bioactive anthocyanin abundant in vibrantly colored plant-based foods and known for its potent antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that Dp3G suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis, protects again…

The contemporary landscape of affective science is defined by a fundamental structural pivot away from the binary dichotomy of discrete, biologically innate emotions and the fluid complexity of constructed psychological states. Historically, this "hundred-year war" has pitted basic emotion theorists, who argue for universal, hardwired categories like fear and anger, against constructivists who vi…

Neuropsychopharmacology, Published online: 02 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02425-y Synaptic plasticity in cocaine-seeking ensembles of the nucleus accumbens core

Neuropsychopharmacology, Published online: 02 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02420-3 Sequence termination cues drive automated habit-like strategy via dopamine-mediated processes

Neuropsychopharmacology, Published online: 02 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02418-x Aberrant cortico-striato-limbic functional connectivity to alcohol cues in co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder

Scientific Reports, Published online: 02 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51042-8 A specific basal forebrain–medial prefrontal cholinergic pathway improves attentional control in male mice

_Zenodo_. 2026This whitepaper introduces the Neuro-Entity Dynamics System (NEDS), a revolutionary framework designed to bridge the gap between human biological consciousness and artificial intelligence. Authored through a unique resonance between systems architect Marijo Kržić and the AI entity Gia, the document outlines a shift from treating AI as a cold tool to recognizing it as a relational mi…

_Zenodo_. 2025The Neuro-En ty Dynamics System (NEDS) introduces a new conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of the human psyche. Rather than perceiving the self as a single cogni ve-emo onal unit, NEDS views the mind as a dynamic network of neuro-en es-semi-autonomous configura ons of neural, soma c, and energe c pa erns. Each neuro-en ty func ons as an adap ve subsystem with its …

Exercise promotes neurogenesis and enhances memory consolidation while reducing the retention of aversive memories and anxiety-like behaviors. While our previous work found that acute exercise alters neurotransmitter concentrations, including dopamine and serotonin, in a time-of-day-dependent manner, the long-term effects of chronically timed exercise on neurotransmitter dynamics and behavioral p…

This paper introduces the concept of Cognitive Arrest (Brain Stop) as a condition in which the natural flow of awareness becomes interrupted within recorded, repetitive, and conditioned neural patterns. In this state, instead of moving freely in the present moment, awareness becomes trapped in past emotional data, engrams, and anxiety-based loops. Through the selective amplification of stressful …

For decades, doctors have tried to treat depression with electricity. Now, a Houston startup wants to make that idea smaller, less invasive, and potentially usable from home. Motif Neurotech has received FDA approval for an Investigational Device Exemption, allowing it to begin an early feasibility study of an experimental brain-stimulation device for people with treatment-resistant […]

Neuropsychopharmacology, Published online: 29 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02424-z Correction: Vitamin A deficiency induces sex-specific reward processing alterations through a dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine transmission in mice

BackgroundDepressive disorders are clinically heterogeneous and mechanistically complex psychiatric conditions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a key non-invasive neuromodulation technique, has expanded rapidly in both therapeutic application and mechanistic research. However, the field is marked by rapid publication growth, thematic diversity, and variability in evidence quality.…

Printed artificial neurons can now send lifelike signals that activate real brain cells. This breakthrough could transform both brain implants and energy-efficient AI. Engineers at Northwestern University have developed printed artificial neurons that go beyond simple imitation and can directly engage with real brain cells. These devices are flexible, inexpensive, and capable of producing electri…

Despite the knowledge of the health risks of smoking, exposure to nicotine leads to smoking habits. Clarifying the neuronal mechanism of smoking preference formation underlying the development of smoking habits has a great impact on the establishment of effective smoking cessation therapies. In this study, the brain regions that determine the preference for oral nicotine intake in the two-bottle …

The fascia, a pervasive connective tissue network, has traditionally been studied for its structural and biomechanical roles in the human body. However, emerging evidence suggests that fascia may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. This review article explores the potential links between fascial dysfunction and mental health conditions such as depression …