Background/aimsTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising intervention in both rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement, yet its effects remain inconsistent across studies. This variability has raised questions about the underlying mechanisms influencing tDCS efficacy.MethodsIn this review, we address the issue of the inconsistent effect of tDCS on motor and cognitive domains across studies in healthy individuals and those with neurodegenerative disorders. A review