neurobiology

IntroductionAmyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is a central pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a major driver of disease progression. Recent evidence suggests that carbonyl stress associated with Aβ plays a critical role in AD pathology by promoting neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In particular, methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive carbonyl compound, contributes to activation …

Inside the egg, the chick can see nothing. It is folded tight against the shell, blind and deaf for most of its development, sealed off from the desert glare and the colony’s racket. And yet, somehow, in the final days before it breaks out, it is listening. A fast, high, stuttering song presses through the shell, repeated over and over by the parent crouched on top of New! Sign up for our email n…

Tiny lab-grown brain models and the particles they release may reveal hidden differences among Alzheimer’s patients. Personalized treatment remains one of the biggest challenges in Alzheimer’s disease. Two patients can receive the same medication for symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or agitation and experience very different outcomes, leaving doctors with few ways to predict who [...]

Johanna Gabriela Ottilie “Tilly” Edinger dedicated her career to studying ancient brains. It saved her life

Nature, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10661-x Structures of the distinct binding poses of three agonistic peptide toxins—bullet-ant-derived toxin δ-paraponeritoxin-Pc1a, cone snail ι-conotoxin RXIA and the globular β-scorpion toxin Cn2—on the human Nav1.6–β1 channel complex illustrate a diversity in binding poses and mechanisms of action.

Nature Communications, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74083-z Lewis et al. show that Lewy body ultrastructure in Parkinson’s disease differs between cell bodies and processes, with distinct fibrillar and membranous forms that provide new insight into how these structures may form in the human brain.

BackgroundPrenatal stress (PS) is a major risk factor for depression later in life, yet the cellular mechanisms linking early-life adversity to long-term affective vulnerability remain incompletely understood. Neuropeptide receptors have emerged as important modulators of stress-related psychopathology, but their roles in mitochondrial regulation within limbic circuits remain largely unexplored.M…

Depressive disorders are highly heterogeneous syndromes characterized not only by depressed mood but also by cognitive impairment, sleep–circadian rhythm disturbances, altered appetite, somatic discomfort, and metabolic or gastrointestinal comorbidities. In recent years, the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) has been increasingly recognized as an integrative biological framework linking abnormalit…

Nature Communications, Published online: 06 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73731-8 Using tractography in monkeys, chimps and humans, the authors provide evidence for evolutionary changes in ancestral vocalization networks, leading to the unique ability to sequence speech sounds into words and sentences according to syntactic rules.

Scientific Reports, Published online: 06 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-55411-1 Gadd45α silencing alleviates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by suppressing FOXO1 signaling

Nature Communications, Published online: 05 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73858-8 In this study, the authors identify an avian pegivirus that is associated with brain inflammation in red-legged partridges and using experimental infection in different avian species they demonstrate viral neurotropism, revealing a potential role of pegiviruses in neurological disease.

Researchers discover specialized neurons and vellus-like hair in mice--hairs that are like vellus hairs, or peach fuzz, on humans--give rise to itchiness in response to touch

A team of researchers based at Washington University in St. Louis used cardiac optogenetics to noninvasively study arrhythmia and its impact on the brain. Using highly sensitive imaging in a mouse model, they found that arrhythmia in a mouse heart alters oxygen concentration in the brain during and after arrhythmia.

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Published online: 1 June 2026; doi:10.3844/ojbsci.2026.26.02.037 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) exhibits pronounced neurotoxic effects following acute or chronic exposure. Recent studies indicate that the pineal gland responds to CCl₄ intoxication by altering its ...

Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have revealed key parts of the biochemical pathways connecting stress to sexual dysfunction.

Animal navigation, long mysterious, may about to become better understood. An unexpected mechanism in homing pigeons appears to sense magnetic fields and transmit the signal to the nervous system in ill defined way. Ferritin containing macrophages were found in the liver near nerve cells which... Read more