Frontiers in Neuroimaging | New and Recent Articles

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) has garnered widespread attention due to its high incidence and its association with increased risk of stroke recurrence and mortality. Growing evidence indicates that early prediction of PSCI and the implementation of effective interventions can help delay disease progression and improve long-term patient outcomes. With advances in imaging technology, the …

IntroductionSmoothing fMRI data prior to analysis is a fundamental and widely used technique to increase sensitivity. Unconstrained smoothing can also reduce the spatial specificity of the analysis by introducing artifacts in the data. This study tested the effects of smoothing on the reliability and accuracy of both task fMRI and resting state data. The effects of unconstrained smoothing were co…

Understanding how large-scale functional networks mature across development is essential for linking brain organization to cognition and behavior. Thus, the population-level organization of functional networks in children and how it compares to adult network architecture deserves further study. Using resting-state fMRI data from 7,316 children aged 9–10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Dev…

BackgroundGBCA-enhanced MRI is considered the gold standard for diagnosing intracranial tumors. However, concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and workflow limitations have led to increasing interest in GBCA-free MRI techniques.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic performance of GBCA-free MRI with GBCA-enhanced MRI for detecting intracranial tumors within a neurological diagno…

White matter (WM) has traditionally been considered structurally important but functionally inert in fMRI research. However, growing evidence indicates that WM exhibits meaningful BOLD fluctuations and participates in functional connectivity. Here, we investigate alterations in WM functional network connectivity (FNC) across the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum using resting-state fMRI data from…

BackgroundSchizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with reduced accuracy offace emotion recognition (FER). Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may diverge, potentially related to differential processing patterns within the early visual system. Here, we investigated physiological-level responses to emotional faces. We hypothesized that Sz and ASD …

IntroductionSudoku is a popular logic-based puzzle that requires sustained attention, working memory, and rule-based reasoning. Despite its widespread use, the neural processes supporting Sudoku play have not been systematically synthesised, limiting understanding of its potential applications beyond leisure.MethodsThis systematic review aimed to examine the neural correlates of Sudoku solving an…

IntroductionFatigue is common in persons with Crohn’s disease, negatively impacting quality of life in both active and remitted disease state. Neural correlates of fatigue in Crohn’s disease are understudied, particularly relative to the separate impacts of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial fatigue. The potential moderating role of cortical complexity on the relationship between disease activ…

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate changes in whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI).MethodsForty-nine adolescents with MDD and SI were enrolled, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed at baseline and after ECT for each patient. F…

IntroductionHuman 7T MRI systems are manufactured by three vendors (Siemens, Philips, and GE) who all provide equivalent head coils from the same 3rd party manufacturer. Furthermore, many 7T MRI sites have two head coils available for neuroimaging: a 1Tx32Rx head coil for conventional single-channel transmit imaging and an 8Tx32Rx head coil for parallel-transmit (pTx) imaging.MethodsWe compared t…

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding data misrepresentation. Significant concerns were identified regarding the accuracy of the imaging data, including mislabeled figures. The authors were unresponsive to requests for the raw data for this study. Given extant concerns over the validity of the study, the article has been retracted. This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors…

Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System is an infrequent neurological disorder resulting from hemosiderin deposition due to chronic and recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage, leading to significant neurological impairments including sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. This case report presents a 50-year-old male patient with a history of pituitary tumor sur…

IntroductionDiffusion MRI is increasingly used to study white-matter architecture, but tractography and diffusion metrics can be biased by different sampling schemes. We assessed systematic differences across four common protocols—single-shell high-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), Siemens clinical multi-shell (Sms), diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), and Human Connectome Project multi…

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with central nervous system dysfunction implicating cerebrovascular and neurovascular units, as reflected in lower regional cerebral blood flow among non-hospitalized individuals that experienced post COVID-19 condition (PCC). This study investigates whether PCC is associated with altered regional cerebral blood volume assessed usi…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder marked by cognitive decline and functional disability. Despite the extensive use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in machine learning (ML)-based AD studies, the relative and combined contributions of MRI-derived morphometric (MO), microstructural (MS), and graph-theoretical (GT) features are still not well explored in a unified, …

Superior signal-to-noise ratio, enhanced and novel forms of contrast, and improved spectral resolution made possible by 7 Tesla (7 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer great promise for both neuroimaging research and clinical practice. To characterize these gains, it is essential to acquire structural, functional, and biochemical 7 T MRI data from a large sample of adults. The Champaign Urba…

Predicting the trajectory of clinical decline in aging individuals is a pressing challenge, especially for people with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or vascular dementia. Accurate predictions can guide treatment decisions, identify risk factors, and optimize clinical trials. In this study, we compared two deep learning approaches for forecasting changes, ove…

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe a case of transient neurologic deficits triggered by euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in brain tissue at risk due to heavy cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) microbleed burden, while demonstrating the rare imaging finding of reversible T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) subcortical hypointensity.MethodsWe present the clinical course, laborat…

IntroductionHigh-dose Methotrexate (HDMTX) can induce neurotoxicity, yet its impact on brain metabolism remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess short- and long-term brain metabolic changes post-HDMTX on 18F-FDG PET/MRI relative to baseline (pre-HDMTX) scans.MethodsIn this IRB approved, retrospective study, we included 19 children and young adults (3 females and 16 males; age 17.9 ± 4.3 …