Frontiers in Neuroimaging | New and Recent Articles

Diffusion MRI underpins much of modern population neuroscience, yet scanner access remains concentrated in high-income settings, excluding the genetic, developmental, and disease diversity needed for generalizable discovery. Portable low-field MRI systems (field strengths below 0.1 T) offer a cheaper, infrastructure-light alternative that could extend diffusion imaging to under-represented popula…

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid primarily derived from hemp (cannabis sativa L.) that has been investigated for its potential anxiolytic effects. Prior functional neuroimaging studies suggest that CBD may affect brain regions associated with stress and anxiety. However, it remains unclear if there is a consistent pattern of modulation within these regions and if there is …

Increased racial and ethnic diversity in population neuroscience research is widely understood to facilitate better identification of subgroup effects and more generalizable findings. Consistency in reporting race and ethnicity population descriptor variables would allow the research community to better assess progress toward more representative datasets. One important lever for ensuring robust a…

Accurate delineation of white matter tracts is critical in the pre-operative assessment of paediatric brain tumour patients, where preservation of eloquent pathways directly influences surgical planning and functional outcomes. Tractfinder is a recently introduced automated method for white matter tract segmentation in tumour patients, but its voxel-based (mask) outputs limit compatibility with s…

BackgroundThe human subcortical visual system is divided into distinct magnocellular, parvocellular and koniocellular pathways, which contribute differentially to specific aspects of early visual processing. Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in early-visual processing, especially involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated non-linear gain within the subcortical magnocellular …

We report the intraoperative ultrasound findings in a male patient with history of stage IVb mantle cell lymphoma who developed new-onset personality changes and gait instability. Brain imaging revealed an extensive right frontal white matter lesion with subtle multifocal spreading. Given the absence of contrast enhancement on MRI and considering the high-dose steroid therapy administered, an ope…

Identifying spatially localized neuroanatomical signals from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to many clinical and scientific questions, including medical diagnosis and the investigation of disease mechanisms. However, reliably detecting such subtle and spatially localized signals from high-dimensional MRI data remains challenging. In our study, we propose a performance-guided tw…

IntroductionThe pulvinar is thought to regulate cortico-cortical communication through transthalamic pathways, yet the computational consequences of such modulation remain unclear.MethodsA minimal pulvinar-inspired long-range skip pathway in a hierarchical convolutional vision model was tested, implemented as a learned projection from early to late feature maps coupled with a gain-controlled gati…

Voxel-based meta-analyses—also known as coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMAs)—are powerful tools for synthesizing evidence from neuroimaging studies in human neuroscience, including investigations of psychological functions and differences in brain disorders. To achieve their full potential in accurately assessing the evidence, CBMAs should adhere to established best-practicmpe guidelines, such …

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) has garnered widespread attention due to its high incidence and its association with increased risk of stroke recurrence and mortality. Growing evidence indicates that early prediction of PSCI and the implementation of effective interventions can help delay disease progression and improve long-term patient outcomes. With advances in imaging technology, the …

IntroductionSmoothing fMRI data prior to analysis is a fundamental and widely used technique to increase sensitivity. Unconstrained smoothing can also reduce the spatial specificity of the analysis by introducing artifacts in the data. This study tested the effects of smoothing on the reliability and accuracy of both task fMRI and resting state data. The effects of unconstrained smoothing were co…

Understanding how large-scale functional networks mature across development is essential for linking brain organization to cognition and behavior. Thus, the population-level organization of functional networks in children and how it compares to adult network architecture deserves further study. Using resting-state fMRI data from 7,316 children aged 9–10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Dev…

BackgroundGBCA-enhanced MRI is considered the gold standard for diagnosing intracranial tumors. However, concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and workflow limitations have led to increasing interest in GBCA-free MRI techniques.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic performance of GBCA-free MRI with GBCA-enhanced MRI for detecting intracranial tumors within a neurological diagno…

White matter (WM) has traditionally been considered structurally important but functionally inert in fMRI research. However, growing evidence indicates that WM exhibits meaningful BOLD fluctuations and participates in functional connectivity. Here, we investigate alterations in WM functional network connectivity (FNC) across the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum using resting-state fMRI data from…

BackgroundSchizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with reduced accuracy offace emotion recognition (FER). Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may diverge, potentially related to differential processing patterns within the early visual system. Here, we investigated physiological-level responses to emotional faces. We hypothesized that Sz and ASD …

IntroductionSudoku is a popular logic-based puzzle that requires sustained attention, working memory, and rule-based reasoning. Despite its widespread use, the neural processes supporting Sudoku play have not been systematically synthesised, limiting understanding of its potential applications beyond leisure.MethodsThis systematic review aimed to examine the neural correlates of Sudoku solving an…

IntroductionFatigue is common in persons with Crohn’s disease, negatively impacting quality of life in both active and remitted disease state. Neural correlates of fatigue in Crohn’s disease are understudied, particularly relative to the separate impacts of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial fatigue. The potential moderating role of cortical complexity on the relationship between disease activ…

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate changes in whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI).MethodsForty-nine adolescents with MDD and SI were enrolled, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed at baseline and after ECT for each patient. F…

IntroductionHuman 7T MRI systems are manufactured by three vendors (Siemens, Philips, and GE) who all provide equivalent head coils from the same 3rd party manufacturer. Furthermore, many 7T MRI sites have two head coils available for neuroimaging: a 1Tx32Rx head coil for conventional single-channel transmit imaging and an 8Tx32Rx head coil for parallel-transmit (pTx) imaging.MethodsWe compared t…