neuroanatomy

Nature Communications, Published online: 13 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74274-8 Humans show reproducible sex differences in regional cortical volume, area and thickness controlling for overall brain size. These regions are enriched for effects of potentially causal sex chromosomal and gonadal influences on cortical anatomy.

BackgroundMonocular enucleation, the surgical removal of one eye, occurs early in life and leads to changes in visual, auditory, and audiovisual processing in adulthood. These changes can be observed behaviorally, as well as through cortical structure and white matter connectivity of visual and auditory pathways. Subcortically, the thalamus is a critical sensory processing structure that modulate…

In a first, a large, international team led by multiple labs at Harvard Medical School and Princeton University has published a complete wiring diagram of all the connections between neurons in the central nervous system of an adult fruit fly.

The spatial arrangement of neurons in the locus coeruleus of mice corresponds with the cells’ targets across the brain, according to a new study.

Nature, Published online: 06 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10458-y High-throughput barcoded neuroanatomy of two closely related rodent species with divergent vocalizations reveals differences in long-range projection motifs in the brain that may support these differences in vocal complexity.

Dr. Paul Broca conducted an autopsy on a patient known as "Tan," who had aphasia, or the inability to speak. Broca's work identified a region of the brain that is key to spoken language.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 09 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02276-2 Comparing primate cerebellums

A guide to the brain's association areas, including Broca's, Wernicke's, and the prefrontal cortex. How the brain integrates sensory data? The post Association Areas of the Cerebral Cortex: Anatomy and Function appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

The cerebrum is the crown jewel of the human central nervous system. As the largest and most highly developed part of the brain, it occupies the majority of the cranial... The post Human Cerebrum: A Complete Anatomical and Functional Overview appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

Learn about the four brain ventricles, the role of the choroid plexus, and how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects the central nervous system. The post The Ventricles of the Brain: Anatomy, CSF Circulation, and Function appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

The human brain is often described as the most complex object in the known universe. Weighing roughly three pounds, this jelly-like mass of fat and protein serves as the command... The post The Human Brain: A Complete Guide to Its Anatomy, Structure, and Functions appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

Analysis of lost photos reveals structural anomalies in Einstein’s brain that may explain his extraordinary mathematical and visual abilities.

Introduction From Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s hand came branches and whorls, spines and webs. Now-famous drawings by the neuroanatomist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries showed, for the first time, the distinctiveness and diversity of the fundamental building blocks of the mammalian brain that we call neurons. In the century or so since, his successors have painstakingly worked to count, tra…

Elephants are fascinating animals, but despite such fascination, our knowledge of the elephant brain is limited, and neuroanatomical differences between Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are largely unexplored. The post Asian Elephants Have Larger Brains than Their Relatives from Africa, New Research Shows appeared first on Sci.News: Breaking Science News .

The number of neurons in the human brain is comparable to the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Unlike the stars, however, in the case of neurons the real action is in how they are directly connected to each other: receiving signals over synapses via their dendrites, and when appropriately triggered, sending signals down the axon to other neurons (glossing over some complications). So a ma…

Explore the central nervous system's structure and functions, including the brain and spinal cord's vital roles in the body. The post Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

Professor Michael Yartsev has won the 2022 Krieg Cortical Kudos Explorer award for his “superb contributions to our understanding of the neuroscience of behavior, social learning and anatomical pathways involved in group sociality and communication.” The Cajal Club was established in 1947 to celebrate neuroanatomy and it has evolved over the years to promote all facets of neuroscience,

As people age, their working memory often declines, making it more difficult to perform everyday tasks. One key brain region linked to this type of memory is the anterior thalamus, which is primarily involved in spatial memory — memory of our surroundings and how to navigate them. In a study of mice, MIT researchers have […] The post A brain circuit in the thalamus helps us hold information in mi…

Congratulations to Professor Michael Yartsev, winner of the C.J. Herrick Award in Neuroanatomy from the American Association for Anatomy. This award recognizes investigators in the early stages of their careers who have made important contributions to biomedical science through their research. Yartsev uses the bat as a model system to study the neural mechanisms of complex spatial, social and aco…

Next time someone asks you “Are men and women’s brains different?”, you can answer, without hesitation, “Yes”. Not only do they tend to be found in different types of bodies, but they are different sizes. Men’s are typically larger by something like 130 cubic centimeters. Not only are they actually larger, but they are larger … Continue reading "Sex differences in brain size"