neuroanatomy

The vagus nerve is the autonomic nervous system’s highway, connecting every major organ

Nature Communications, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75837-5 Researchers built a unified atlas that maps matching gray-matter regions across mouse, rat, marmoset, macaque, and human, enabling direct cross-species comparison and revealing conserved sensorimotor but divergent association-cortex organization.

Researchers who mapped every neural connection in an adult fruit fly’s central nervous system — the first complete wiring diagram of its kind — found the brain and body linked in ways the textbooks never accounted for

Author: Prof. Arianna Bellucci Affiliations: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia (BS), Italy Key themes: • Italian neuroscience • Scientific innovation • Camillo Golgi • Rita Levi-Montalcini • Neuroanatomy • Nerve growth factor (NGF) • Mirror neurons • Neurodegenerative diseases • Brain–machine interfaces • Artificial intelligence in neuroscience Ref…

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is a pivotal hub for cortical functions, characterized by significant heterogeneity in its anatomical connectivity, cytoarchitecture, and function, constituting a complex nucleus composed of multiple functionally specialized subregions. We elaborates on the heterogeneous anatomical connectivity of MD and its crucial role in supporting higher cognitive functions s…

Nature Communications, Published online: 13 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74274-8 Humans show reproducible sex differences in regional cortical volume, area and thickness controlling for overall brain size. These regions are enriched for effects of potentially causal sex chromosomal and gonadal influences on cortical anatomy.

BackgroundMonocular enucleation, the surgical removal of one eye, occurs early in life and leads to changes in visual, auditory, and audiovisual processing in adulthood. These changes can be observed behaviorally, as well as through cortical structure and white matter connectivity of visual and auditory pathways. Subcortically, the thalamus is a critical sensory processing structure that modulate…

In a first, a large, international team led by multiple labs at Harvard Medical School and Princeton University has published a complete wiring diagram of all the connections between neurons in the central nervous system of an adult fruit fly.

The spatial arrangement of neurons in the locus coeruleus of mice corresponds with the cells’ targets across the brain, according to a new study.

Nature, Published online: 06 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10458-y High-throughput barcoded neuroanatomy of two closely related rodent species with divergent vocalizations reveals differences in long-range projection motifs in the brain that may support these differences in vocal complexity.

Dr. Paul Broca conducted an autopsy on a patient known as "Tan," who had aphasia, or the inability to speak. Broca's work identified a region of the brain that is key to spoken language.

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 09 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02276-2 Comparing primate cerebellums

A guide to the brain's association areas, including Broca's, Wernicke's, and the prefrontal cortex. How the brain integrates sensory data? The post Association Areas of the Cerebral Cortex: Anatomy and Function appeared first on THE SCIENCE NOTES .

Analysis of lost photos reveals structural anomalies in Einstein’s brain that may explain his extraordinary mathematical and visual abilities.

Introduction From Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s hand came branches and whorls, spines and webs. Now-famous drawings by the neuroanatomist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries showed, for the first time, the distinctiveness and diversity of the fundamental building blocks of the mammalian brain that we call neurons. In the century or so since, his successors have painstakingly worked to count, tra…

Elephants are fascinating animals, but despite such fascination, our knowledge of the elephant brain is limited, and neuroanatomical differences between Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are largely unexplored. The post Asian Elephants Have Larger Brains than Their Relatives from Africa, New Research Shows appeared first on Sci.News: Breaking Science News .