IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Abstract The rapid expansion of Malaysia’s food industry has contributed significantly to the escalating generation of food waste, posing serious environmental, economic, and social challenges. If left unmanaged, this trend will lead to increased landfill dependency, heightened greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. This study investigates the perceptions and practices related to food w…

Abstract Ice cream is a popular frozen dessert favoured due to its flavour variety and creamy texture. However, this frozen dessert may contain lack of nutritional composition essential for health. Thus, this research is conducted to determine the minerals composition, physicochemical and sensorial properties of ice cream incorporated with three fruits namely gac fruit ( Momordica cochinchinensis…

Abstract Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a well-established method for detecting metal loss in ferromagnetic structures, including pipelines, storage tanks, and offshore facilities. The detection performance depends not only on the sensing probe but also on the coupled behavior of permanent magnets (PMs), magnetic bridge, air gap, and specimen properties, as well as the operating point on …

Abstract The rapid urbanization of Malaysia has intensified challenges related to food security, including rising dependence on food imports, limited agricultural land, and increasing food prices. Urban farming has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate these issues by localizing food production, enhancing community resilience, and promoting sustainable food systems. This systematic review, …

Abstract The focus of this study is aquaponics and its capacity for sustainable food production, with a particular emphasis on the utilisation of wastewater from Tilapia ( Oreochromis sp .) fish farming. Tilapia are known for their rapid growth and high production rates. The study highlights the importance of managing the water environment in facilitating the commercialisation of aquaponics and i…

Abstract The agriculture industry is an essential segment of a nation’s economic growth. For Malaysia, it is not only meet increase food security but also a necessary to the nation’s economic development. Owing to this industry, Malaysia holds a significant situation in imports from near Asian countries. Although, the agriculture production is considered as the pillar of the nation’s growth. Thou…

Abstract Centrifugal pumps play a vital role in fluid transport systems across various industrial sectors, where operational efficiency largely depends on parameters such as head and pressure. This study aims to implement a Markov model to analyze and predict transitions in the operational states of a centrifugal pump using historical time-series data. The collected data include inlet and outlet …

Abstract Lemang is recognized as the traditional food especially during the festive celebration of Hari Raya. Lemang is commonly served with a dish of meat, and it takes time for preparation. As interest in plant-based diets grows due to health and sustainability concerns, there is an increasing demand for modernization of traditional food. These objectives of the study are to develop a frozen ve…

Abstract The current study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet with chilli pepper ( Capsicum frutescens Linn.) powder on productive performance, carcass traits and faecal pathogenic bacteria population of Japanese quails. The experiment was executed in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). After being weighed, 180 male Japanese quails that were 3 weeks old were then randomly divide…

Abstract This research proposes an enhanced approach to analyzing input parameters with greater precision and suitability, facilitating better estimation of scour hole sizes under submarine pipelines. Field data from three pipelines in the Rong Field offshore southern Vietnam ( RC1-RP2 , RP3-RP2 , and RCDM-RC4 ) were used for validation. Two scenarios were examined: (1) waves and currents propaga…

Abstract This study presents the traditional use of plant leaves as food wrappers among the Tidung community in Sebatik Island, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to record the use of plant species in traditional medicine among the Tidung people in Sebatik Island, and to identify the types of plant species utilized for food packaging by them. The research used a qualitative …

Abstract Economic growth and increased human activities have led to the discharge of significant amounts of metal pollutants into aquatic environments. Polymesoda erosa, a filter-feeding clam species, serve as a valuable bioindicator for assessing the presence of metal elements. As a prominent clam species and a significant protein source in Southeast Asia, its safety for consumption warrants eva…

Abstract The maritime sector is under increasing pressure to decarbonize owing to its considerable contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among emerging energy carriers, hydrogen and ammonia have attracted significant attention due to their potential for zero-carbon propulsion when employed with fuel-cell technologies. This study undertakes a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis…

Abstract Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) is a high-value crop with important nutritional and economic roles in tropical agriculture. However, its production faces challenges due to the escalating cost of conventional planting media such as cocopeat and the urgent need for more sustainable input alternatives. This study evaluated the agronomic and economic performance of alternative media like co…

Abstract The North-Central coasts of Vietnam are vulnerable due to the effects of global warming and sea level rise. With quite mildly sloping foreshore, these low-lying coasts have been modelled in a non-hydrostatic and phase solving SWASH to investigate the spectral wave period at nearshore and then compare the empirical equation proposed by Hofland et al., 2017. Especially, the ratio of the pr…

Abstract Oncidium Golden Anniversary orchid is a hybrid variety from Oncidium spacelatum and Oncidesa sarcatum orchid. The yellow flowers that can bloom twice a year and last up to a month have made them into the market. However, this orchid flower is having difficulty when it requires strong, mature pseudobulbs to bloom. Pseudobulbs store the nutrients absorbed by the roots. Therefore, this rese…

Abstract Goat production is important for food security and rural incomes, but feed shortages and poor ration quality continue to limit the growth of Malaysia’s dairy goat industry. This study examined the stability and feeding value of Napier grass–based total mixed ration (TMR) prepared as mash and pellets for pre-weaning Saanen kids. Formulations included Napier grass, copra cake, soybean meal…

Abstract The quality of silage affects the intake and utilization of ruminants. The use of crude glycerin, a by-product of biodiesel production, has potential as a silage additive to improve fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality and chemical composition of Napier Pak Chong 1 grass ensiling at 60 days of cutting and chopping into 2-3 cm pieces with crude glycerin (CG)…

Abstract The reliance on antibiotics in goat semen extenders to control microbial contamination has raised concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of mulberry ( Morus alba ), roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ), and aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis ) extracts as natural alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Semen was collected …

Abstract Urban agriculture programs (UAP) are increasingly promoted for food security and community engagement, yet participants often face challenges that limit effectiveness. This study examined key issues in UAP by focusing on program context, inputs, processes, and outcomes. A quantitative design was employed using a structured questionnaire survey with 230 participants from four major urban …