A simplified analytical approach for predicting scour depth beneath submarine pipelines considering wave–current interaction under conditions typical of Vietnam

Abstract This research proposes an enhanced approach to analyzing input parameters with greater precision and suitability, facilitating better estimation of scour hole sizes under submarine pipelines. Field data from three pipelines in the Rong Field offshore southern Vietnam ( RC1-RP2 , RP3-RP2 , and RCDM-RC4 ) were used for validation. Two scenarios were examined: (1) waves and currents propagating in the same direction, and (2) waves and currents acting in both the same and different directio