Challenges and Solutions in Urban Agriculture Programs (UAP): A Study of Participants’ Experiences

Abstract Urban agriculture programs (UAP) are increasingly promoted for food security and community engagement, yet participants often face challenges that limit effectiveness. This study examined key issues in UAP by focusing on program context, inputs, processes, and outcomes. A quantitative design was employed using a structured questionnaire survey with 230 participants from four major urban centres in Peninsular Malaysia, selected through cluster sampling to ensure regional representation.