Hydrogen and Ammonia as Maritime Alternative Fuels: A Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Abstract The maritime sector is under increasing pressure to decarbonize owing to its considerable contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among emerging energy carriers, hydrogen and ammonia have attracted significant attention due to their potential for zero-carbon propulsion when employed with fuel-cell technologies. This study undertakes a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) to evaluate the economic feasibility of hydrogen- and ammonia-fuelled systems for short-sea f