thermodynamics

According to this web article: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/phase.html#c6 "In the process of heating water from 0 to 100 C, 100 calories of energy must be added. Part of that energy increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, and some adds to the potential energy." "The net gain in kinetic energy is then 16.7 calories/gram when the water is heated from 0 to 100 C. The rema…

The Autocremation Paradox (ACP) is a thought experiment designed to close the redundancy problem of the bootstrap paradox. Where standard loops persist an unchanged object or a piece of information without origin, the ACP lets the thermodynamic remainder of an event—the ashes of a cremation—function as the material cause (propellant) of that same event. The resulting State-Change Identity makes t…

A joint research team from NIMS and the University of Tokyo has developed a new composite in which three-dimensional nano-interfaces are distributed throughout the material by coating the surfaces of magnetic-insulator powders with a metal and sintering them. Using this structure, the team succeeded in observing thermoelectric conversion driven by spins in an insulator, a […]

Can a superconductor turn heat flow into a detectable electrical signal without the motion of magnetic vortices? This response, known as the Nernst effect, was long thought to be hidden because superconductors carry current without a voltage drop and screen the resulting electrical current. A recent…

I am trying to derive the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics starting from the microcanonical ensemble. Consider an isolated system $A^{(0)}$ , with fixed total particle number $N_T$ , volume $V_T$ , and energy $E_T$ . According to the microcanonical postulate, all accessible microstates of the total isolated system are equally probable. The total system is divided into two subsystems, $A$ and $B$ . Le…

Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77435-x Despite the ubiquity of warm dense matter states, there is lack of well-established models describing the expanded regime. To address this gap, the authors provide theoretical and experimental analysis of warm dense aluminium by means of pulse Joule heating. This provides constraints to the equation of stat…