thermodynamics

Nature Communications, Published online: 05 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72651-x Recently, there has been growing interest in realizing quantum heat engines using superconducting circuits. Here the authors demonstrate a cyclic quantum heat engine based on superconducting circuits, showing controlled heating, cooling, and positive work extraction, with measured power and efficiency in agreemen…

At constant pressure we have: $$ dq_{p}=dH=C_{p} dT $$ which implies The enthalpy change dH reflects the increase in internal energy associated with molecular motions such as rotational and vibrational modes. The atoms, molecules or ions that compose a system can undergo several types of... Read more

Discharge Theory (DT) offers a unified conceptual framework for reconciling thermodynamics, information theory, and naturalistic ethics. By operationalizing Interface Complexity ($C$) as a navigational rank and defining Knowledge ($K$) through its duality as both a physical record and a navigational bias, the theory proposes a conserved identity for "Discharge Value". This research program moves …

Why does entropy increase? The standard answer invokes the Past Hypothesis: entropy was low at the Big Bang, and the rest follows statistically. But why was it low? Penrose puts the odds at 1 in 10^(10^123). Albert treats the Past Hypothesis as an unexplained axiom. This paper argues the question dissolves under algorithmic probability. Low-entropy states have low Kolmogorov complexity: "uniform …

A new analysis of the “Boltzmann brain” paradox suggests our memories and sense of reality could, in theory, be random illusions born from cosmic chaos. By uncovering circular reasoning in how physicists think about time and entropy, the study raises fresh doubts about what we can truly know about the past.

_Zenodo_. 2026The News Physics Case Analysis Scoring Rubric (v1.0) is an operational instrument developed within the News Physics (Haberin Fiziği) framework — the physical model of journalism practice founded by Levent Bulut as part of the Physics of Reality ecosystem. While the News Physics Founding Manifesto (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19545072) establishes the three core laws and theoretical operator…

Variational principles in irreversible thermodynamics Manning, Irwin. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 1955; Vita.; Bibliography: leaves 93-95.

Across diverse complex systems, localized coherent structures exert disproportionate influence within dissipative environments. We introduce the Δ±1 framework as a minimal descriptor and explore whether it reflects a cross-domain structural regularity or domain-specific convergence.

The quantum vacuum—the lowest energy state permitted by quantum field theory—has long been recognised as a vast reservoir of zero-point energy (ZPE), yet every practical attempt to extract usable work from it has foundered on thermodynamic arguments or decoherence at macroscopic scales. Building upon the recent theoretical framework of Li and Zhang (arXiv:2603.27053, March 2026), which demonstrat…

Suppose we have a small system with one thermodynamic degree of freedom; for example, the finite Einstein crystal, whose intensive variable is temperature. The partition function $Z$ is the Laplace ...

_Zenodo_ 1:1t. 2025The work develops a novel algebraic framework based on the Lagrange identity, providing a consistent set of dimensionally accurate equations across mechanics, gravity, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics put of pure boredom. The derivations are algebraically as well as dimensionally consistent. The author acknowledges not having the institutional scaffolding and resources and …

Gunpowder and other chemical explosives seem to produce massive amounts of energy in a short time. Can we harness it into thermal energy that can be used to produce electricity like nuclear plants but ...

with extensive comments This textbook offers a clear, progressive introduction to thermodynamics, tailored for university students and future engineers eager to understand the physical principles behind engines and refrigeration systems. It begins from the basics and progressively covers all the important concepts: 1 Fundamental Concepts Review the essential concepts for the study of thermodynami…

(What? No Grade School prefix? :) ) Apologies for the lowest form of physics question: a quiz on social media. Does distance X a. increase b. decease c. stay the same? My rationale: I did the simple version of this in grade 7 science class: When both are in... Read more

Every theory of emergence describes systems that arise and persist. None has formally derived the structural conditions under which emergence leads to persistence rather than immediate dissolution. This paper establishes those conditions within the framework of La Profilée. We prove that any emergent system capable of persisting as a non-trivial identity under real transformation must satisfy thr…

Equilibrium is typically understood as the stable end state of physical systems: a condition in which no net transformation occurs and all gradients are eliminated. This paper shows that equilibrium is structurally incompatible with persistent identity under real transformation. Within the framework of La Profilée, persistence requires distinguishable states, real transformation, and non-triviall…

Prigogine's theory of dissipative structures describes how physical systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium can maintain ordered states through continuous energy dissipation. This paper shows that dissipative structures are a physical instantiation of the La Profilée persistence structure. We demonstrate that the three components of any dissipative structure — the stabilizing constraint that d…

Dissipation is typically understood as a consequence of thermodynamics: energy gradients drive irreversible processes, and ordered structures persist through continuous entropy export. This paper shows that dissipation is not merely a physical phenomenon. It is a structural necessity implied by the conditions of persistent identity under real transformation. Within the framework of La Profilée, a…

This paper proves that infinite integration capacity is structurally impossible under the minimal conditions of persistence. Assuming IK → ∞ forces IR → 0 for all finite transformation loads, making every transformation admissible. This collapses selective admissibility, forces full transitivity, and reduces all identity classes to a single equivalence class — violating C3. Infinite capacity does…

_Beyond the Singularity: A Formalization of the Law of Spatio-Energetic Dissipation and Kinetic Transition to Negative Space_. 2026Abstract This paper proposes a theoretical framework termed the Law of Spatio-Energetic Dissipation, which examines spatial confinement as a critical determinant of energetic velocity. By introducing the Space-Velocity Reciprocity Law, the study suggests that as spati…