Neuron

Cholinergic neurons exhibit distinct firing patterns underlying diverse physiological and pathological states, but the mechanisms governing their dynamic switching, particularly in negative emotional contexts, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that medial habenula cholinergic (MHb^ChAT) neurons transition from tonic to burst firing during nicotine withdrawal, driving anxiety-like beh…

Vision is context dependent, with neuronal responses shaped not only by local features but also by surrounding visual input. While classical studies, using grating stimuli, show that iso-oriented surrounds suppress responses more than orthogonal surrounds, the role of contextual modulation under natural stimulus conditions remains less clear. Using recordings from mouse primary visual cortex (V1)…

The human connectome holds considerable promise for advancing an integrated, systems-level understanding of brain disorders. Critical to this ambition is accurate, reliable, and biologically informative connectome mapping and analysis in the presence of diverse brain pathologies. However, many connectome-mapping methodologies have been established and validated using healthy, non-clinical partici…

Novelty signals in the brain drive exploration and learning. While the perceived novelty of a stimulus is known to depend on previous experience, it remains elusive how generalization between familiar and novel stimuli impacts novelty computation. Specifically, existing models of novelty computation fail to account for the effects of stimulus similarities that are abundant in naturalistic tasks. …