NeuroImage

Cortical beta oscillations are central to motor control. These rhythms are modulated during movement preparation and execution and are also sensitive to cognitive factors such as uncertainty and attention. However, their distinct motor and cognitive roles-roles that may inform condition-specific therapeutic strategies-remain unclear. This study aimed to characterise the respective contributions o…

Musicians' perceptual advantages are often concentrated in the auditory rather than the visual modality. However, whether the relationship between musical training and the core cognitive ability of inhibitory control exhibits auditory modality specificity remains unclear. To address this gap, the present study employed matched visual and auditory Go/No-go tasks combined with electroencephalograph…

Humans and other animals learn from feedback, by tending to repeat rewarded behavior and change behavior that receives negative feedback. Previous findings suggest that feedback does not need to be consciously perceived in order to be effective. Using continuous flash suppression, we presented participants with visible and invisible positive and negative feedback during a time estimation task whi…

Attention is a cornerstone of cognitive function, and understanding its neural mechanisms is of great significance for both cognitive science and clinical applications. A critical aspect of this endeavor involves elucidating how the brain's network architecture shifts between internally- and externally-directed states. However, the distinct organizational principles of neural networks in these st…

Dexterous hand motor behavior emerges from coordinated interactions within a distributed brain network. While task-related neural dynamics have been investigated, recent fMRI studies showed that also spontaneous - i.e. non-task related - brain connectivity can predict task-specific performance. Still, it remains unclear whether spontaneous functional connectivity reflects also the encoding of gen…

The insula is a brain region that is correlated with attention in humans. Aberrant insula function is also implicated in attentional impairments in several psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. Although the insula's role in attention has been well-studied in humans, we do not yet have an understanding of…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable clinical and research tool for patients managed using deep brain stimulation (DBS). Unfortunately, MRI under these conditions is associated with substantial risks, necessitating stringent regulations that limit its clinical and research utility. In addition, magnetic susceptibility differences between DBS hardware and surrounding tissues significantl…

These findings advance the understanding of structural and individual-level network alterations underlying MDD biotypes and provide novel insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of MDD heterogeneity.

In everyday life, our behavior is often guided by environmental cues that predict rewarding or aversive outcomes. The Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm provides a framework for examining how conditioned stimuli (CS) influence instrumental actions (R) associated with specific outcomes (O). Two distinct mechanisms have been identified: specific PIT, where a cue selectively invigorat…

Focal brain lesions from Acquired Brain Injuries (ABIs) present as regions of abnormal signal intensity on T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. These can disrupt automated neuroimaging processing algorithms traditionally developed on and for healthy brains. Lesion filling (or inpainting) can replace lesioned image voxels with signal intensities approximating healthy tissue. This cr…

In competing environments, both selective attention and audiovisual interaction can facilitate visual processing, yet whether their influences operate independently or interactively remains debated. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we addressed this issue by instructing participants to selectively attend to one of two lateralized flickering discs, which also changed their shapes either tempora…

Chronic bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) occurs preferably in elderly patients presenting with postural imbalance and head movement induced oscillopsia. The condition is often incomplete with residual functions in both ears. Beyond the vestibular reflexive deficits, an impairment of spatial orientation and navigation has been described associated with an atrophy of the hippocampal formation. Howeve…

Chronic occupational manganese (Mn) overexposure is associated with motor and cognitive deficits, but its effects on hippocampal subfields remain underexplored. Although neurodegeneration is known to involve the hippocampus, subfield-specific structural abnormalities have received limited attention. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic power of hippocampal subfield volumes in discriminating …

Consistent with most findings from FXS patients and rodent models, our results demonstrated an increase in gamma power in fmr1KO female mice, reinforcing gamma power as a robust and reliable EEG phenotype across FXS models. Additionally, theta-gamma cross frequency amplitude coupling is inversely coupled in female FXS model, which is similar to what has been reported in FXS patients. Overall, our…

This study demonstrates a practical workflow for real-time current analysis and IF mode optimization in patients with DBS implants, effectively reducing RF-induced heating and artifacts while maintaining imaging performance.

Cooperation and competition are fundamental to human social interaction. While recent hyperscanning studies have linked stronger interbrain synchrony (IBS) to successful cooperation, most have focused on dyadic interactions, leaving the underlying neural mechanisms of group-level social behavior largely unknown. Here, we employed EEG hyperscanning to investigate interbrain neural dynamics of tria…

A single session of HF-rTMS over the left DLPFC selectively altered the neural dynamics of episodic memory retrieval for abstract portrait stimuli. Although behavioral performance did not improve-and showed reduced accuracy for previously seen items-stimulation elicited increased activation in hippocampal subregions and early visual cortex during successful retrieval. These findings demonstrate t…

The T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetric similarity network (VSN) offers an advantage in clinical settings due to its ease of acquisition and widespread availability. However, its validity, reliability, and behavioral relevance remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the reproducibility and utility of the VSN as a foundation for future research and clinica…

The human ability to suppress inappropriate or automatic responses is crucial for flexible and socially adaptive behavior. Inhibitory control is influenced by prominent environmental cues, including visual information gathered from the perception of others. Among the most salient features of people we interact with, face race stands out as a particularly powerful visual signal. Despite considerab…

Dynamic SV2A PET imaging at substantially reduced doses is feasible when combined with advanced DL-based denoising techniques such as TS-DIP, supporting its potential for broader clinical application.