Learning from feedback is independent from feedback visibility, but supported by aperiodic neural activity

Humans and other animals learn from feedback, by tending to repeat rewarded behavior and change behavior that receives negative feedback. Previous findings suggest that feedback does not need to be consciously perceived in order to be effective. Using continuous flash suppression, we presented participants with visible and invisible positive and negative feedback during a time estimation task while recording EEG. Behavioral results showed that both visible and invisible feedback significantly in