In everyday life, our behavior is often guided by environmental cues that predict rewarding or aversive outcomes. The Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm provides a framework for examining how conditioned stimuli (CS) influence instrumental actions (R) associated with specific outcomes (O). Two distinct mechanisms have been identified: specific PIT, where a cue selectively invigorates the action linked to the same outcome, and general PIT, where reward-predictive cues non-selective