Consistent with most findings from FXS patients and rodent models, our results demonstrated an increase in gamma power in fmr1KO female mice, reinforcing gamma power as a robust and reliable EEG phenotype across FXS models. Additionally, theta-gamma cross frequency amplitude coupling is inversely coupled in female FXS model, which is similar to what has been reported in FXS patients. Overall, our findings reveal that some, but not all EEG biomarkers observed in FXS patients are replicated in the female FXS model. For example, amplitude-amplitude coupling exhibited a similar trend between the fmr1KO mouse models and FXS patients, supporting its potential as a translational EEG biomarker. In contrast, other measures such as peak alpha frequency, theta-beta ratio, and brain signal complexity showed notable discrepancies between the mouse models and human data. Additionally, when compared to previously reported EEG changes in male FXS mouse models, our results highlight the presence of a potential sex-based difference in EEG phenotypes at both juvenile and adult stages of fmr1KO mouse models. Together, our study indicates that certain EEG parameters may be more translatable between rodent models and FXS patients than others and underscore the importance of considering sex and developmental stage as a critical factor when using EEG as a biomarker in FXS research.

