Frontiers in Earth Science | New and Recent Articles

The determination of perforation parameters is the key to hydraulic fracturing (HF) fracture reconstruction. Studying the effect of perforation parameters on HF fracture reconstruction can effectively increase the volume of reservoir reconstruction. The Qiongzhusi Formation, due to its proven rich shale gas content, has important strategic significance for shale gas development in Southwest China…

In high-resolution remote sensing imagery, near-shore water bodies typically exhibit tortuous shorelines, fragmented lakeshore coves, and superimposed disturbances such as building reflections, vegetation shadows, and mixed substrates, posing significant challenges to the fine extraction of water boundaries. Although deep learning-based semantic segmentation has substantially improved water body …

Urban discomfort under thermal–humidity stress poses escalating challenges in rapidly urbanizing and climatically sensitive regions. This study investigates the driving role of wet-bulb temperature (Tw) in shaping urban comfort dynamics across the Lanzhou–Xining urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2024. A multi-source framework is developed to derive high-resolution Tw using meteorological reanalysi…

The objective is to demonstrate that spatially variable ice-surface roughness is an important, and so far overlooked, component of melt processes in the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), linking the analysis of spatial ice-surface roughness (SISR) derived from satellite laser altimeter data with essential components of surface energy balance modeling, particularly of sensible heat flux. Specific result…

The efficient development of deep coal-rock gas resources, exemplified by the pioneering No. 8 coal seam (buried >2000 m) in the Daning-Jixian Block, Ordos Basin, is of strategic importance. This study investigates the critical role of fracturing fluid flowback behavior in determining post-fracturing productivity. Based on systematic analysis of flowback parameters and dynamic data, we evaluate t…

A systematic investigation was performed on the petrological and geochemical characteristics of Late Pleistocene beachrocks in the Paipu area, Danzhou City, northwestern Hainan Island. The results demonstrate that relative to the average composition of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), the beachrocks are significantly enriched in MgO and CaO, slightly enriched in MnO, and depleted in all other e…

The Penggongmiao complex pluton, located in the Nanling metallogenic belt of South China, provides a critical record of Early Paleozoic (Caledonian) magmatism, but the genesis and mineralization potential of the biotite monzogranite of the pluton have not been constrained. This study presents new whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb ages, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for the Penggongmiao biotite mo…

Successful unconventional oil and gas production relies on horizontal drilling and hydraulic stimulation. Wellbore casing deformation–including distributed bending (buckling), zones of ovality, and discrete shearing–can hinder deployment of downhole tools and, in severe cases, lead to complete well loss. Geological factors (e.g., stress and pore pressure states, rock properties) represent root ca…

IntroductionIndonesia has designated 15 National Priority Lakes (Presidential Regulation No. 60/2021), yet quantitative baselines to assess sedimentation threats remain insufficient for most watersheds. This study evaluates Volume Development (VD) trajectories as early warning indicators of basin infilling in the Three Mahakam Lakes (Jempang, Melintang, Semayang)—a flood-pulsed tropical lake comp…

In July 2021, a rare and extremely severe rainstorm and flood disaster occurred in Henan Province, China. Using multiple daily observational and reanalysis data, this study investigates the modulation mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) on the Henan extreme rainfall event. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the dual-mode BSISO indices (BSISO1: 30–60-da…

The propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures in laminated shale is governed by the interplay between bedding plane weakness and in-situ stress fields; however, the quantitative effects of operational parameters and geological factors on trans-bedding fracture capability remain not fully elucidated. Large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on natural Longmaxi Fo…

IntroductionHeavy rainfall in mountainous regions, such as the northern slope of the central Tianshan Mountains, is characterized by high intensity, short duration, and strong locality, often triggering secondary disasters like floods and landslides. While convective clouds are the main contributors to summer precipitation, observations in mountainous areas are scarce. This study addresses the kn…

IntroductionGeoinformatics education in technical colleges increasingly emphasizes hands on GIS production and interpretation skills, yet many existing interactive or Web GIS based learning environments provide limited support for interpretable multiscale analysis of complex geospatial data. To address this gap, this study proposes a Multi Scale Attention Driven GIS framework for geoinformatics t…

Aircraft icing poses a catastrophic threat to aviation safety. This study conducts a comparative investigation of two typical severe icing events, occurring in summer (July 2023) and winter (January 2024) over the Sichuan-Chongqing region, using pilot reports, ERA5 reanalysis data, geostationary satellite observations (Himawari-9/FY-4A), radar products, and sounding data. The research aims to dis…

This article details an interactive narrative exhibit developed for the 2024 Futuro Remoto science festival in Naples, Italy. The exhibit was designed to explore people’s relationship with risk and how they translate awareness into concrete actions. The approximately 200 participants in the workshop represented a community uniquely sensitized to volcanic risk, having recently experienced a prolon…

Cultural heritage sites possess outstanding universal value, yet they remain fragile and highly vulnerable to both natural and anthropogenic hazards. These hazards pose significant risks to the sustainability of heritage, predominantly in developing countries. This study offers a comprehensive assessment framework by integrating multi-hazard risk analysis of cultural heritage sites with remote se…

Accurate evaluation of rock mechanical properties in shale reservoirs is essential for optimizing hydraulic fracturing design and achieving efficient development. To address the challenges in conventional petrophysical evaluation caused by complex mineral composition and strong heterogeneity of shale in the Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, a novel well logging evaluation framework based on …

Laterolog (DLL) logging, utilizing deep and shallow detection depths, is instrumental in identifying and evaluating complex reservoirs such as coal measures. It effectively captures the resistivity contrast between the virgin zone and the invaded zone, providing crucial data for fluid identification, reservoir quality assessment, and fracture system characterization. However, the DLL response in …

Climate change is widely recognized as a critical factor influencing the rise and fall of dynasties. Scholars have conducted substantial research on the relationship between climate change and settlement distribution, as well as dynastic transitions in China. Henan Province in China, as the core region of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, is regarded as a significant cradle of traditional Chine…

IntroductionLandslide monitoring in steep and vegetated mountainous areas is frequently limited by geometric distortions and temporal decorrelation in SAR observations due to geometric distortions and severe temporal decorrelation, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of conventional InSAR analyses. In addition, understanding the hydrological mechanisms controlling landslide activity …