Frontiers in Earth Science | New and Recent Articles

In tropical agricultural regions, accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) remains challenging due to climatic variability, data scarcity, and limitations of empirical models such as FAO-56 Penman–Monteith. To provide the technical basis for future field-based evapotranspiration studies, this study reports the design, construction, and calibration of an automated weighing lysimet…

Topographic free surfaces and seismic anisotropy significantly modify seismic wave propagation. With increasing demands for high-precision subsurface imaging, advanced seismic prospecting and seismological imaging methods require simultaneous consideration of topographic free surface and anisotropy effects on P-wave propagation. However, conventional finite-difference methods struggle to accurate…

High-altitude desert ecosystems exhibit extreme conditions, including intense UV radiation, strong diurnal temperature shifts, and aridity, shaping bacterial abundance and pedogenesis. This study investigates how episodic water availability shapes bacterial abundance and soil forming processes in a temporary lake system on the Barrancas Blancas plain (Ojos del Salado region). Using a multi-method…

Tourism destination image encompasses the multifaceted perceptions of visitors that influence their choice of destination. However, current computational methodologies often analyze visual and textual signals separately and seldom link image perception to the quality of recommendations. This study introduces multimodal destination image perception and recommendation (MM-DIPR), a framework utilizi…

Under climate change, the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events has made soil cut slopes more prone to progressive instability. Understanding their deformation–failure mechanisms and reinforcement effects is therefore of engineering significance. However, previous studies have mainly focused on overall stability evaluation or mechanical behavior of anti-slide piles, while the progressiv…

IntroductionInterlayer slip is a key mechanism during fold evolution; however, its effects on preexisting or contemporaneous secondary structures (e.g., cleavage and fractures) remain poorly constrained. This study investigates a well-exposed outcrop in the southern Yidun Arc, northwestern Yunnan, to decipher the modification of fold-related structures by interlayer slip and the resulting tectoni…

Deep learning (DL)-based three-dimensional (3D) gravity inversion has emerged as a promising approach for subsurface density reconstruction in near-surface resource exploration, offering significantly lower computational cost than conventional inversion methods for large datasets. However, existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based gravity inversion studies are largely limited to binary or…

Elastic full-waveform inversion serves as a fundamental technique for recovering subsurface elastic parameters. However, its application is hindered by mode coupling between P- and S-waves, multi-parameter crosstalk, and a strong dependence on the initial model, all of which degrade the accuracy of velocity model building at depth. The conventional inversion methods employing P-wave sources rely …

Reservoir water level monitoring and early warning are critical components of flood control and disaster mitigation in river basins, as they can effectively prevent dam failures or downstream flooding. However, existing reservoir monitoring systems generally suffer from response delays and ineffective early warnings when dealing with sudden anomalies in water level readings (such as those caused …

The efficient development of tight sandstone reservoirs is challenged by complex pore structures and heterogeneous remaining oil distribution. This study provides a quantitative pore-scale investigation into waterflooding mechanisms in the Changqing Oilfield’s C61 reservoir using Real Sandstone Micro-Models that preserve native pore geometry and wettability. Through integrated physical experiment…

IntroductionDuring seismic data acquisition, noise interference and bandwidth limitations often degrade signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, thereby compromising geological interpretation.MethodsTo address this issue, we propose an adaptive dual-attention wavelet denoising and enhancement network (AdaWaveNet) based on a trainable wavelet feature extractor. The network is built upon trainable dis…

The Huadian area in Jilin Province records multiple tectonic phases from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic, which have generated a complex geological framework. However, Jurassic magmatic rocks are extremely scarce in this region, resulting in a significant gap in the geological record for this critical period. This study presents integrated geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and Hf isotopic dat…

The 1930s Dust Bowl Drought (DBD) in midcontinental North America was a severe environmental event, with large-scale farm failures and ∼500,000 residents displaced during a global depression. Drought conditions were initiated with mode changes in ocean circulation including Pacific Ocean cooling and North Atlantic warming, and concomitant development of a persistent high-pressure ridge over weste…

The safety status of temporary steel trestle bridge will deteriorate rapidly due to severe riverbed erosion caused by natural disasters such as floods and storm surges, rapid degradation of supporting structures, and the superposition of heavy vehicle loads, which can easily lead to collapse accidents. This paper develops a physics-based Gaussian-process regression (GPR) framework with active lea…

The southwestern margin of the transition zone between the Southwestern Tarim Depression and West Kunlun Mountains, known as the West Kunlun Piedmont Thrust Belt, exhibits intense compressional deformation. As a critical oil and gas exploration area in the Southwestern Tarim Depression, the internal architecture and structural styles of this piedmont thrust belt have long been key geological chal…

Oldoinyo Lengai volcano is located within the Natron Rift, a young magmatic segment of the East African Rift System, where tectonic extension and magmatic processes are tightly coupled. Understanding how stress, deformation, and magma transport interact in such settings remains a key challenge. Here, we use local shear-wave splitting measurements to image seismic anisotropy and constrain the dist…

IntroductionThe dynamic mechanisms of Youjiang Basin low-temperature mineralization and the source of ore-forming fluids remain controversial, particularly regarding Indosinian versus Yanshanian tectonic driving forces and deep crustal versus sedimentary fluid origins.MethodsThis study focuses on the Badu Sb-Au deposit and conducts LA-ICP-MS in-situ trace-element and sulfur-isotope analyses of py…

Conventional views suggest deep-water, low-energy deposition in intra-platform depressions, limiting exploration in transitional zones. However, new data from the Pengxi–Wushen area reveal extensive high-energy reef-shoal complexes along the carbonate ramp margin during the Changxing Stage. This study characterizes these deposits and their reservoir significance. During the Upper Permian Changxin…

The formation of a landslide dam is strongly influenced by the properties of the source debris, yet the formation interval has received less systematic attention from a material perspective than stability and breach behavior. This review synthesizes field cases, flume experiments, and numerical simulations to develop a material-centered framework that traces key source descriptors through sequent…

Advanced oxidation of the biorefractory antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX), taken as a model pollutant, was carried out in aqueous solution using a Fenton-like process. In order to evaluate the impacts of effective factors on the process performance, we investigated the influence of three factors: initial pH solution, catalyst dose (zero-valent iron, ZVI), and molar ratio of H2O2/AMX on the reaction by…