hydrology

Open global hydrological products are often the only continuous source available for data-scarce locations, but their local use is stronger when the modelled signal is connected to documented hydrometric evidence. This study evaluates an explainable machine-learning workflow for anticipating the GloFAS v4-derived discharge series returned by the Open-Meteo Flood API near Babahoyo, Ecuador, and co…

In this tutorial, you’ll explore groundwater conditions in the Santa Cruz Active Management Area (AMA) using data available through the Arizona Water Observatory (AWO) . We begin by retrieving the Santa Cruz AMA boundary, then identify groundwater wells within the AMA and retrieve depth-to-water observations for each well. Finally, we compare annual median groundwater levels with those in 1995, t…

Scientific Data, Published online: 20 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41597-026-08102-5 GloWS: A Global Large-Sample Watershed Synthesis Dataset Empowering Hydrological Simulation and Future Projection

A hydrologist explains why the region is known as Flash Flood Alley and how its geography and geology can lead to heavy downpours and sudden, destructive floods.

In this tutorial, we demonstrate how the Arizona Water Observatory (AWO) can be used to follow the movement of water through a watershed in Arizona. We begin with snowpack observations from a SNOTEL station in the San Francisco Peaks, then identify the watershed that receives the snowmelt. Next, we retrieve watershed-averaged soil moisture data from NASAʼs Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) miss…

Deepwater pre-salt lacustrine carbonate reservoirs in the Santos Basin hold hydrocarbon potential but present exploration challenges due to supercritical CO2. The dual physical nature of supercritical CO2 and reservoir heterogeneity make conventional single-domain fluid identification ambiguous. This study presents an integrated engineering workflow coupling log-scale petrophysical characterizati…

Scientific Data, Published online: 18 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41597-026-08089-z Development of a monthly groundwater well observation dataset in India

Using unprecedented observations of Ukraine's 2023 Kakhovka Dam collapse, Georgia Tech researchers found that widely used flood models underestimated both water levels and flood timing.

Learn what hydrological mapping is and what data to use. Discover how GIS software helps analyze water flow, watershed delineation, and flood risk.

With the Arizona Water Observatory (AWO), ASU's Center for Hydrologic Innovations and the Center for Geospatial Solutions at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy have teamed up to develop a new open-source clearinghouse, visualization and analysis platform for Arizona’s water data. Through a series of quick start blogs, you can also learn how to use AWO for your day-to-day data needs. Check out t…

Scientific Data, Published online: 14 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41597-026-08093-3 A century-scale dataset of hydropower stations in mainland China (1909–2025)

Underground excavations in complex flysch formations are frequently affected by hydrogeological hazards resulting from lithological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy, and groundwater-induced degradation of weak rock masses. This study proposes a hybrid methodological framework that integrates the geotechnical mission requirements of EN 1997 (Eurocode 7) with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (M…

Scientific Reports, Published online: 10 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-65704-0 A new integrated framework for spatio-temporal anomaly detection in groundwater observation network

Scientific Reports, Published online: 10 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66464-7 A two-stage hierarchical runoff bias correction framework for observation-constrained river flow reconstruction

Suspended sediment concentration and transport processes are important controls on channel morphodynamics, hydraulic-engineering safety, and aquatic ecological and biogeochemical processes. Continuous monitoring supports flood regulation, reservoir operation, and navigation maintenance, and is also directly related to particulate carbon, nutrient, and contaminant transport, light attenuation, pri…

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Published online: 06 August 2026; doi:10.1057/s41599-026-08631-9 The socio-hydrology of traditional water systems: the case of falaj in Oman

Scientific Data, Published online: 06 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41597-026-08030-4 BASINGRID: A distributed 40-year spatiotemporal hydrology dataset for U.S. basins

The headwaters of the Michigan River in the Cache la Poudre River watershed of Colorado are, like many other headwaters, sparsely monitored. Credit: John Hammond