Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 21 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01075-9 Early-life exposure to stressors can lead to increased stress susceptibility in later life, shown here to be mediated in mice by SETD7-mediated monomethylation of H3K4 in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 20 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01074-w Understanding how early life stress becomes biologically embedded remains a major challenge in neuroscience. In this Review, Maze and colleagues discuss recent advances in cell-type-specific epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying long-term stress susceptibility.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 07 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01073-x Parental care is a conserved and robust feature of mammalian reproductive behaviour, but is highly variable, even within individuals. Jamieson and Kohl describe the neural circuits that drive parental caregiving in rodents, as well as their modulation by context, internal state, social experience, life s…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01072-y Neural oscillations across a range of frequencies contribute to the cerebellum’s roles in perception, prediction and action. Koch and colleagues describe the microcircuit dynamics through which cerebellar rhythms arise, their influence on cerebellar computations and the potential for precision neuromodul…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w Transcriptomic microglial states are shaped by development, ageing, genetics, environment and disease. In this Review, Eggen and Kooistra discuss how the formation of so-called hidden immune-memory states in microglia following stimulus exposure might contribute to the variability in neurological disease o…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z In this Journal Club, Guilhem Ibos reflects on a 2011 study linking the neurophysiology of attention with the neuromodulation of cognitive functions.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 15 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x Spontaneous brain activity is experimentally unconstrained. Embracing this freedom unlocks rich opportunities beyond task-based and naturalistic paradigms, the traditional Herculean pillars of constrained cognition. Emerging data-driven approaches can extract cognitively meaningful and translationally rele…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 13 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1 Neuronal and glial mitochondria support neuronal circuit function and plasticity through the supply of energetic substrates and the regulation of cellular physiology. Sandi and colleagues describe how mitochondrial functions shape baseline circuit states, support circuit engagement and thereby contribute t…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 07 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7 Training on brain–computer interfaces is shown to be markedly improved by using real-time reinforcement feedback instead of relying only on sensory feedback, which can be impaired in users of these devices.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01067-9 A new study has revealed that the transcription factor ATF2 is an important regulator of neuronal apoptosis.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01057-x Motor neuron disorders involve complex interactions between multiple CNS cell types, which are challenging to model in 2D in vitro conditions. Frizzi and colleagues describe recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D (organoid) models of the spinal cord and neuromuscular junction, and outlin…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01068-8 In this Journal Club, Laura Bradfield discusses a 1998 study showing that scrub jays exhibit episodic-like memory.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01064-y Boundary issues for multidimensional frameworks of representation

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01063-z Reply to ‘Boundary issues for multidimensional frameworks of representation’

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 24 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01062-0 A multisynaptic pathway from the piriform cortex to the spleen drives learned fear avoidance behaviour in mice.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 23 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01058-w Predictive models have emerged as a normative lens for understanding neural function. In this Perspective, de Cothi, Shipley and Barry plausibly unify the diverse roles of hippocampal acetylcholine in learning and memory by proposing it serves as a fundamental learning signal, encoding the mismatch between…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 23 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01054-0 Recent technological advances have provided novel understanding of the spatiotemporal relationship between gene expression and protein levels. In this Review, Khakh and colleagues summarize recent work on astrocyte proteomes and subproteomes, emphasizing methodological breakthroughs and new biological insi…

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01056-y N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is installed on many mRNAs and non-coding RNAs and regulates gene expression by affecting RNA–protein interactions. In this Review, Enakshi Sivasudhan and Kate Meyer discuss how m6A is dynamically regulated and interpreted, and examine its role in brain function and disorders.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01060-2 In this Tools of the Trade article, Omid Yaghmazadeh describes the proof-of-concept development of transcranial radio frequency stimulation in mice, a potentially scalable and effective therapeutic platform for non-invasive deep-brain stimulation.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01059-9 In this Journal Club, M. Jerome Beetz highlights a study published 2021 that examined hippocampal representation of large environments in flying bats.