Neuroimage Reports

Objective To explore the reliability of atlas-based assessment of fetal gyrification on MRI, given the absence of a standardized method to assess cerebral gyrification on fetal imaging and the potential of recently published gestational-age specific fetal brain atlases including high-resolution anatomical detail. Materials and methods Fetal MRI scans (n = 20; gestational age 26 + 0 to 33 + 1 week…

Introduction Combined electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) identifies regions of neural activity in response to interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). While positive BOLD responses have historically been used to localize epileptogenic tissue, negative BOLD responses remain poorly understood. This study examined the spatial relationship between positive a…

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to characterize functional brain networks in disorders ranging from depression to schizophrenia. Like fMRI, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a technique which captures information about neurally linked blood flow activity through radioactive tracers. While a few SPECT studies in schizophrenia populations ha…

Objectives Alterations in neural language networks are common in patients with brain tumors, yet their nature varies substantially across individuals. By reducing data to group-level averages, conventional analyses fail to capture such heterogeneity, obscuring patient-specific information. Methods The present study applied a resting-state connectivity fingerprinting approach to characterize langu…

Functional disconnection is thought to underlie schizophrenia and is often studied by characterizing the small-worldness of networks derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Decreased small-worldness in schizophrenia has been regularly observed during active tasks, while the results are varied for non-response or resting tasks. We obtained EEG networks in three non-response tasks from …

Cognitive flexibility is a core executive function often impaired in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Mindfulness-based interventions have been hypothesized to improve cognitive flexibility and may be a promising adjunctive intervention for adolescents with OCD. The current study examines which cognitive neurophysiological processes underlie mindfulness-based interventions in…

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, primarily attributed to dopaminergic dysfunction in the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, growing evidence indicates that serotonergic and noradrenergic alterations also contribute significantly to PD pathophysiology and progression. This growing understanding has driven the…

Infantile hydrocephalus (IH) can lead to lasting brain structure changes despite early treatment. We investigated deep gray matter morphology in children with treated IH using volumetric analysis and 3D shape modeling. Twenty-one IH patients (diagnosed and treated within the first 2 years of life) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls underwent 3T MRI. We measured volumes of five bilateral subcort…

Premature birth increases lifelong risk for emotional dysregulation and mental health problems. Identifying alterations in neural pathways that subserve social cognitive development may help identify variability of prospective risk on behavioral levels. In a sample of 45 toddlers (15–30 months corrected age) born prematurely (23–36 gestational weeks; extremely preterm: n = 21, very preterm: n = 1…

The mechanism of repeated LLB overpressure and its associated neural response to this exposure appear to be specific to this condition. Characterizing LLB exposure can help refine assessment and treatment.

This case demonstrates biphasic hemodynamic changes in central variant PRES, supporting autoregulatory failure as the mechanism. Serial ASL/DTI provide valuable biomarkers for monitoring recovery in this rare phenotype.

Cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC) is reduced in patients with advanced large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and represents a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Aim of this study was to compare CVRC testing derived by neurovascular ultrasound (nvUS) and real-time phase-contrast MRI (RT-PC MRI). In this study 25 subjects (age 33±13 years) without any LAA were first investigated with nvUS followed…

Subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often experience cognitive impairment in different domains. Currently, the mechanisms underlying neuropsychological dysfunction in TLE remain poorly understood. The main objective is to characterize the multivariate relationship between brain connectivity patterns and cognitive impairment detected by robotic testing in subjects with TLE. Kinarm robotic t…