Molecular Biomedicine

Abstract Vascular restenosis, a pathological recurrence of lumen narrowing following interventions, remains a major limitation to the long-term success of vascular procedures. Its development is centrally driven by neointimal hyperplasia, a process orchestrated by endothelial injury, phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic state, and a coordi…

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite maximal multimodal therapy. The 2021 WHO classification has improved diagnostic precision by incorporating key molecular features, including EGFR amplification, TERT promoter mutation, PTEN loss, and MGMT promoter methylation. However, c…

Breast cancer is the foremost cause of cancer-related death in women globally, and taxane-anthracycline (TA) combination regimens represent standard frontline chemotherapy. Although widely administered, the pathological complete response rate to TA therapy is less than 30%, and chemoresistance remains a major barrier to effective disease control, frequently leading to relapse and poor survival. B…

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor characterized by high metabolic dependence. In particular, it relies on dysregulated lipid synthesis. N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of NDRG2 in HCC progression through the regulation of lipid metabolism. We…

Abstract Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with favorable prognosis, although a significant subset (20–25%) progress to metastasis, worsening patient prognosis. For metastatic cases, pharmacological interventions become essential, yet most tumors show poor response to treatment. While clinical trials are ongoing, there is no established treatment for metas…

Abstract Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia worldwide. With accelerating population aging, its incidence continues to rise, imposing a substantial burden on public health systems and society. Despite extensive advances in research, currently available therapies remain largely symptomatic and have limited capacity to halt or reverse…

Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as active regulators of glioma progression rather than passive bystanders. In addition to blood-brain barrier support, metabolic homeostasis, and synaptic regulation, astrocytes undergo state transitions in response to tumor-derived cues, immune inflammation, and therapy-induced stress. We synthesize evidence from single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomi…

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification has emerged as a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the contribution of m⁶A-dependent regulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) to chondrocyte senescence and OA progression remains poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate whether m⁶A-mediated control of circRNAs regulates chondrocy…

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly organised and dynamic regulator of tissue structural integrity and biochemical signalling, and its dysregulation is a hallmark of fibrosis and cancer. Recent evidence highlights the critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in controlling ECM-related gene expression and remodelling activity. This review integrates recent advances in understanding how epigen…

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by the synchronization of tumor cell proliferation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Decoupling these interconnected processes represents a major therapeutic challenge. Although Prostaglandin E Synthase 3 (PTGES3) functions canonically as a cytoplasmic Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) co-chaperone, its non-canonical nuclear role in orchestrati…

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays critical roles in the movement of mandible. TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA) leads to pain and limited jaw function. Histologically, TMJOA causes cartilage degradation and a reduction in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. The superficial zone chondrocytes (SZC) contribute in the regeneration of the condylar fibrocartilage in TMJ, while their responses to the softe…

The Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family of histone demethylases constitutes an essential class of epigenetic regulators that dynamically sculpt gene expression programs through the erasure of methyl groups from histone lysine and arginine residues. Dysregulation of these enzymes is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases. Yet, a fragmented, disease-s…

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) lacks reliable biomarkers to support early diagnosis and disease stratification. This study aimed to identify protein signatures associated with PsA and develop a clinically relevant model integrating molecular and clinical features. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 143 patients with PsA and 101 controls across three cohorts. The exploratory cohort included…

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) form an evolutionarily conserved signaling system that governs embryonic patterning, tissue regeneration, and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Through coordinated interactions with fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and context-specific cofactors, FGF signaling enables precise spatial and temporal control of cellular fate and interorgan communication. While…

Organoids are derived from pluripotent stem cells or tissue stem cells, progenitor cells, or differentiated cells from healthy or diseased tissues (e.g., tumors). Numerous organoid engineering strategies have been tested to support the culture, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of organoids. A variety of organoids and organoid-on-chips have also been constructed to reflect re…

Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes a prominent global health burden, being the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy in terms of incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-associated death across the globe. Malignant transformation of colonic epithelial cells stems from the intricate dysregulation of intracellular signal transduction networks. Although targeted therapies have substant…

The traditional view of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as uniform toxicants has been superseded by the recognition of a fundamental radical/non-radical dichotomy. As radical and non-radical ROS differ in spatial and kinetic behaviors that dictate cellular impacts, understanding this dichotomy is essential for the design of ROS-targeting therapies. However, the roles of specific ROS types under phy…

The rapid and ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has progressively reduced the protection offered by current vaccines, underscoring the urgent need for novel vaccine strategies. In this study, we designed a two-component vaccine in which one component is an adenoviral vector encoding the Omicron XBB.1.5 spike protein (Ad5_XBB.1.5), and the other component is a self-assembling trim…