Nature Communications, Published online: 13 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74162-1 Alveolar macrophages can contribute to systemic anti-tumor responses. Here the authors describe a cascaded targeted liposomal nanomedicine for generating chimeric antigen receptor-modified alveolar macrophages via intrapulmonary nebulization, promoting anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer models.