sociology

This monograph develops a unified theoretical framework within the Equilibrium Ledger Research Programme for understanding the institutional processing of cognitively divergent individuals whose output exceeds what surrounding institutional systems can stably accommodate. Through a sustained parallel analysis of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and Alan Mathison Turing, the work argues that inst…

This monograph examines how elite institutions convert inequality into procedural architecture through administrative processing systems rather than explicit exclusion. Drawing on institutional sociology, disability studies, legal analysis, and empirical institutional documentation, the work introduces the Turing Theory of institutional cognition and the concept of institutional bifurcation, desc…

BackgroundThe Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities emphasizes individual rights and autonomy. However, certain restrictive practices in support services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may limit these rights and undermine autonomy. Structural practices are a type of restrictive practice usually defined as blanket rules or prohibitions that affect…

Civilizational Constraints are the sixth primitive of Generative Worlds Architecture. They specify the structural conditions that regulate large scale coordination among observers. Civilizational constraints are not social norms, not cultural rules, and not institutional policies. They are structural regulators that determine which civilizational architectures are admissible, which can stabilize,…

The Cost of Safetyism What we lost when we stopped letting kids leave the front yard. When I was 11 and 12, I’d ride my bike to meet friends at the local sandlot baseball field 1.5 miles away, or to a friends house to go play pickup football in the street. When I was 14, I’d go on 10+ mile runs, exploring every bit of road, sidewalk, and path I could find. Exploration was a rite of passage. Today…

Modern civilization repeatedly defines itself through the language of freedom, democracy, individuality, constitutional rights, and human progress. Yet beneath these external structures there may exist a deeper continuity of psychological conditioning inherited across generations. This paper presents a comprehensive philosophical and phenomenological inquiry into the relationship between civiliza…

Supporters of Reza Pahlavi, exiled son of the late shah, are clashing with those who oppose a return of monarchy Wearing a bucket hat, a blue Adidas hoodie and khaki shorts, Tony Mohraz, also known as 021kid, chest-bumps a friend in front of a memorial wall in Golders Green, in north London. Photographs can be seen behind him of those who were killed protesting against the Iranian regime. As a la…

This paper examines the relationship between self-proclaimed authority and self-referential ignorance within political, religious, institutional, and psychological systems. Self-proclaimed authority emerges when an individual or institution derives legitimacy primarily from its own declarations rather than from independent verification, accountability, or reciprocal social recognition. When combi…

The club’s largest shareholder has ignored warning signs since 2022 and need only look at the fate of Leicester to see what what may be in store West Ham jumped on the relegation train in 2022. Bereft of vision at the top of the club, they failed to realise where they were heading. One internal figure was worried but his voice did not carry enough weight. There were three consecutive years of Eur…

IntroductionThe present study aimed to analyze the effect of social media use on entrepreneurial intention among university students in Peru, considering gender as a moderating variable.MethodA quantitative approach was employed, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and explanatory design. Data were analyzed through a structural equation model based on partial least squares and multigroup a…

The difference in framing around antisemitism and anti-Muslim hatred distorts public understanding, inflames tensions and makes both Jewish and Muslim communities less safe The horrific terrorist attack on the Islamic Centre of San Diego in California has been reported by many news outlets over the past few days. Yet as the story travelled across screens and news feeds, something more subtle unfo…

The history of human disciplines is fundamentally a story of resistance against “living difficulties” (high Load). This paper reinterprets the birth of eight major academic fields through the lens of Load Minimization Theory (LMT: L = U + F + E). It argues that disciplines emerged as collective attempts to reduce Uncertainty (U) and Friction (F), ultimately seeking An-soku (deep relational rest).…

The design of autonomous AI agents that behave responsibly and foster trust in open multi-agent systems remains a fundamental challenge. Traditional game-theoretical approaches largely assume self-interested behaviour, yet real-world collaborations among humans often rely on prosocial considerations that extend beyond individual utility. To address this, for the first time in this paper, we inves…

Announcement comes after Alan Milburn says Britain has neglected generation of young people struggling to access work and training opportunities Ministers are expanding youth work experience and training schemes, after Alan Milburn warned Britain is spending £25 keeping young people on benefits for every £1 spent helping them into work. Pat McFadden, the work and pensions secretary will announce …

Ousted Republican congressman says his party is facing ‘Trump disappointment syndrome’ over president’s agenda Donald Trump ’s Republican party is on course for a damaging rejection at the ballot box in November, according to a maverick US congressman ousted by a challenger handpicked by the president. Thomas Massie, a Republican from Kentucky, became the latest of Trump’s targets to be defeated …

This paper examines the relationship between culture and self-referential ignorance — a condition in which individuals or societies interpret reality primarily through internally reinforced assumptions while systematically resisting external critique or objective self-examination. Drawing from philosophy, sociology, psychology, anthropology, political theory, and systems science, it analyzes how …

Ohio State is grappling with sexual abuse allegations and questions over donor influence as financial pressures mount across higher education When Rocky Ratliff transferred to Ohio State University in Columbus to study political science and wrestle for the college in the mid-1990s, he soon found himself being sexually abused by a prominent member of the university athletic department’s medical st…

Leeds Playhouse Dash Arts’ community-inspired production finds warmth and urgency in the local pub – even if its theatrical elements don’t always cohere The English pub is the perfect crucible for Dash Arts’ latest piece inspired by community workshops from creator and director Josephine Burton. A storm is blowing into the town where the Albion pub sits, both meteorological and political. Inside …

This arcade-style revision quiz is designed for AQA A-level Sociology students studying The Media. Students enter their initials like an old-school arcade machine, then work through five timed levels based on the AQA specification: new media and contemporary society; ownership, control, globalisation and popular culture; news selection and presentation; media representations of age, class, ethnic…

Although homicides and other violent crimes are down to near-historic lows, L.A. Mayor Karen Bass' challengers have zeroed in on homelessness and public drug use.