Integrating multi-omics approaches reveals metabolic reprogramming and identifies PDHX as a candidate node in triptolide-treated non-small Cell lung cancer

IntroductionMetabolic reprogramming is a central driver of malignant progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, conventional targeted therapies face significant limitations due to drug resistance and narrow therapeutic windows. Triptolide, a natural tricyclic diterpenoid derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits potent antitumor activity, yet its precise mechanisms for modulating metabolic reprogramming in NSCLC remain elusive.MethodsUsing NSCLC cell models, we assessed TPL