Glucosamine/platelet-rich plasma/bone marrow MSC–loaded GelMA hydrogel supports cartilage endplate repair in mice and is associated with reduced inflammation- and oxidative stress–related readouts

ObjectiveIn this study, we developed a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel composite for the simultaneous delivery of glucosamine (GlcN), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We systematically investigated its effects on cartilage endplate (CEP) cell behavior, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and evaluated its reparative efficacy in a murine caudal CEP injury model.MethodsGlcN/PRP/BMMSC@GelMA was fabricated and comprehensively characterized in