EartEarthworm hydrolysate alleviates Escherichia coli-induced enteritis by suppressing MAPK pathway activation, enhancing intestinal barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota
Guojun Jiang
Escherichia coli enteritis causes substantial economic losses in animal husbandry, while antibiotic treatments face challenges of resistance and residue. This study investigated earthworm hydrolysate (EH) as a potential antibiotic alternative. In vitro assays demonstrated potent antibacterial activity of EH against E. coli, with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.24 ± 0.45 mm, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 375 μg/mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 750 μg/mL. An in