The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine

Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major contributor to evaporative dry eye disease and is characterized by obstruction of the meibomian gland ducts and altered meibum secretion. These abnormalities disrupt the tear film lipid layer, increase tear evaporation, and contribute to ocular surface inflammation and dry eye symptoms. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has emerged as a procedural…

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper limb motor deficits affecting up to 85% of survivors and significantly impairing functional independence. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising technology for neurorehabilitation, offering task-specific, intensive, and engaging therapy. Methods: This systematic review synthesized evidence from 80 sources…

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive-aged women, characterized by depletion of protective Lactobacillus species and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a prevalent pelvic floor disorder with significant morbidity. Although both conditions share common risk factors such as aging, parity, and estrogen decline, wheth…

Latar Belakang Syok hipovolemik (hemoragik) yang tidak terkontrol merupakan penyebab mortalitas yang paling sering terjadi pada pasien dengan multipel trauma. Diperkirakan 25% kematian akibat trauma dapat dicegah dengan onset penanganan trauma yang tepat dan intervensi yang tepat untuk menghentikan perdarahan. Laporan Kasus Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki usia 31 tahun, mengalami kecelakaan l…

Dispneu yang terjadi tanpa adanya kelainan organik yang dapat dibuktikan tetap menjadi masalah umum dan seringkali menantang dalam praktik klinis, seringkali dikaitkan dengan faktor psikologis yang mendasarinya, khususnya gangguan kecemasan. Tinjauan ini merangkum bukti terkini tentang sesak napas terkait kecemasan, dengan fokus pada definisi klinisnya, karakteristik epidemiologis, mekanisme etio…

INTRODUCTION: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare, heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune myopathy characterized by hallmark cutaneous manifestations and, typically, symmetric proximal muscle weakness. It’s clinical significance is profound, extending beyond the skin and muscle to involve systemic complications such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) and a strong association with internal malignancy, both…

Pendahuluan: Depresi merupakan suatu efek yang diakibatkan oleh peristiwa kehidupan yang menyebabkan stres berkepanjangan. Depresi merupakan gangguan mental yang umumnya ditandai dengan kesedihan yang berkepanjangan dan hilangnya minat terhadap aktivitas yang disukai, serta adanya ketidakmampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari yang biasa dilakukan. Depresi yang dialami oleh mahasiswa dapat berpen…

Background: Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis, positioning vitamin E as a potential preventive agent due to its antioxidant properties. However, evidence regarding its efficacy remains conflicting. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidel…

Pendahuluan: Keloid merupakan kelainan penyembuhan luka yang ditandai dengan proliferasi jaringan fibrosa yang melampaui batas luka asli. Kondisi ini sering kali menimbulkan keluhan subjektif berupa gatal, nyeri, serta gangguan kosmetik yang signifikan. Terapi standar yang paling efektif dan umum digunakan adalah injeksi kortikosteroid intralesi, khususnya triamsinolon asetonid. Efektivitas terap…

Latar belakang: Gangguan kesehatan mata merupakan masalah kesehatan global, dengan sekitar 285 juta orang mengalami gangguan penglihatan menurut World Health Organization (WHO). Pterigium adalah salah satu penyakit mata yang sering ditemukan di wilayah tropis dan subtropis dan dapat menurunkan kualitas penglihatan. Usia dan jenis kelamin diduga berperan dalam kejadian pterigium. Penelitian ini be…

Pendahuluan: Low back pain (LBP) mekanik merupakan keluhan muskuloskeletal yang sering dijumpai di layanan kesehatan primer dan berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas fisik serta beban biomekanik pada tulang belakang. Obesitas menjadi faktor risiko yang semakin penting melalui peningkatan beban aksial, perubahan biomekanika, dan inflamasi kronik tingkat rendah. Penurunan berat badan diharapkan dapat mem…

Introduction: Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a significant complication in migraine management, where excessive use of acute analgesics paradoxically leads to increased headache frequency and chronicity. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between analgesic overuse and the transformation from episodic to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies…

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in children remains a significant global health challenge, with fluid management being a cornerstone of treatment. However, the optimal fluid strategy—restrictive versus liberal—remains controversial, particularly in preventing complications such as shock, organ dysfunction, and mortality (Wills et al., 2005). Methods: A systematic review was conducted…

Background: Malignant mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare tumor with agressive characteristic and poor prognosis. Modern radiotherapy modalities such as Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), VMAT, and brachytherapy offer the potential of the improvement of local control in tumor that historically known as radioresistant. The aim of this case report is to discuss malignant melanoma o…

Introduction: Prematurity remains a leading cause of long-term neurodevelopmental disability, with cerebral palsy (CP) being one of the most severe motor outcomes. Cranial ultrasound (cUS) is a primary, non-invasive neuroimaging tool in the neonatal intensive care unit for detecting brain injuries prevalent in preterm infants, such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomal…

Latar Belakang: Gerakan repetitif tangan dan pergelangan tangan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko okupasi utama untuk terjadinya Sindrom Terowongan Karpal (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/CTS). Pekerja pabrik rokok di Indonesia, khususnya pada proses penggulungan (rolling) dan pengemasan (packaging), terpapar secara intensif terhadap gerakan repetitif, postur statis canggung, dan durasi kerja yang panjan…

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poverty is a fundamental social determinant that intersects with and exacerbates barriers to TB care, from diagnosis through treatment completion. Understanding the multifaceted relationship between poverty status and access to TB treatment…

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been the most commonly used tobacco products among young people since 2014. E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid to produce an aerosol containing various active chemical substances. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical manifestations of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury (EVALI). The…

Background Testicular torsion is a time-sensitive urological emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention to prevent irreversible ischemia and testicular loss. International guidelines emphasize immediate surgical exploration in patients with high clinical suspicion rather than delaying intervention for confirmatory imaging. Delays are more common in rural hospitals due to limit…

Introduction: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains the most common long-term complication of modern cataract surgery, leading to visual degradation and necessitating Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The risk of PCO is influenced by intraocular lens (IOL) characteristics, including material, optic edge design, and haptic configuration. However, the relative importance of these factors and potent…