Effectiveness of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Related Dry Eye: A Systematic review

Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major contributor to evaporative dry eye disease and is characterized by obstruction of the meibomian gland ducts and altered meibum secretion. These abnormalities disrupt the tear film lipid layer, increase tear evaporation, and contribute to ocular surface inflammation and dry eye symptoms. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has emerged as a procedural treatment for MGD-related dry eye, but existing studies vary in treatment protocols, adjunctive proc