encephalitis

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe and often fatal form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.We describe a case in which the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed no specific abnormalities, but a diagnosis was established after repeat CSF evaluation.A 41-year-old female presented with a 10-day history of persistent fever and headache.Initial CSF analysis demonstrated an opening pressu…

This case report describes a 73-year-old male with gait disturbance and headache, presenting with widespread necrotic and contrast-enhancing brain lesions alongside lung nodules. Initial differential diagnosis strongly favored lung cancer metastasis due to these findings. Despite largely negative cerebrospinal fluid and molecular tests, systemic evaluation with positron emission tomography-comput…

Since its initial discovery in the 1940s, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has emerged as a commonly diagnosed bacterium, gaining recognition as a global cause of primary atypical pneumonia. M. pneumoniae is a significant cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, predominantly among children. Encephalitis is one of its most severe extrapulmonary manifestations and may result in signif…

The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway, a perivascular network responsible for the clearance of metabolic waste and neurotoxic proteins through cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange. It may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption associated with seiz…

We demonstrated that graph-theoretical functional connectivity derived from EEG data differs significantly between patients with NCSE and those with coma-IIC. Furthermore, our results confirm the feasibility of using machine learning models based on these connectivity measures to effectively distinguish between these two conditions.

The few available studies provide preliminary evidence suggesting that cardiac autonomic disturbances, including elevated heart rates and reduced HRV, occur in a subset of patients with SSPE. More rigorously designed investigations are needed to clarify the prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical impact of cardiac dysfunction in SSPE.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a devastating form of tuberculosis with high mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. Seizures, including refractory status epilepticus, are common complications and portend a poor prognosis. While neuromodulation techniques such as vagus nerve and deep brain stimulation have been used in refractory epilepsy, there are no prior reports of transcranial direct …

Achieving optimal seizure control without recurrence is a critical goal in epilepsy. When evaluating whether treatment is effective, medication adherence must be carefully considered but has traditionally been overlooked. In this study, we introduce commonly used definitions of medication adherence and examine adherence findings in epilepsy and other chronic diseases. Factors influencing adherenc…

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) encephalitis represents a serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients that is associated with substantial mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. The disease most often involves the limbic system, with typical neuroimaging findings restricted to the hippocampal and amygdaloid structures. Here, we describe a rare case of HHV-6 encephalitis prese…

Primary Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands and may present with extraglandular manifestations, including renal tubular acidosis (RTA). We report the case of a 28-year-old postpartum female who presented with rapidly progressive limb weakness and severe hypokalemia; she was ultimately diagnosed with RTA as the initial manifestation of prima…

We report a fatal case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage following standard-dose enoxaparin treatment in a patient with autoimmune encephalitis presenting with new-onset refractory status epilepticus. A 61-year-old female developed deep vein thrombosis during treatment and received enoxaparin, following which she experienced sudden hypovolemic shock due to massive retroperitoneal bleeding. Despite in…

Tuberculosis remains an enormous burden due to its poor control in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Europe, and because of the high rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 coinfection in some African countries (1). In the United States, after decades of declining rates of infection, there was a resurgence of tuberculosis in the mid-1980s. The AIDS epidemic, together with risi…