Cells

Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer development and progression. Adipocytes exert their oncogenic effects through complex and interconnected biological mechanisms that encompass metabolic dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, and systemic endocrine alterations. Herein, we reviewed the current evidence explaining how obesity induces a state that reprograms adipose tissu…

Cardiovascular disease represents the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence suggests that coronary artery pathology in CKD diverges from the traditional atherosclerotic phenotype seen in individuals with maintained renal function. This review delineates coronary artery-specific alterations in CKD, focusing on mechanisms that e…

Glycolysis is a defining feature of cancer metabolism, originally described by the Warburg effect. Increasing evidence indicates that cancer-associated glycolysis is not uniformly upregulated but dynamically rewired in response to oncogenic signaling, cellular demands, and microenvironmental cues. However, a framework integrating its temporal evolution and functional roles across tumorigenesis re…

Background: Ponatinib (PON), an effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for leukemias harboring the T315I mutation, is limited by severe cardiotoxicity, including myocardial infarction and heart failure. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7), an anti-inflammatory growth factor, in a murine model of PON-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: C57BL/6J mice we…

Obesity is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and alterations in gut-related immune pathways that may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Composite biomarker indices may better capture these complex processes than individual markers, although their performance may differ across biological domains. In this cross-sectional study, 88 adults without diabetes or infection were categoriz…

Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a robust inflammatory response that is essential for tissue repair but, when excessive or prolonged, drives pathological cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) signalling has been implicated in driving pro-inflammatory macrophage activation post-MI. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-specific CSF2 receptor alpha (CSF…

Cerebral ischemic stroke is caused by impaired blood flow to the brain parenchyma due to acute vessel occlusion. Although current therapies focusing on rapid restoration of blood flow achieve high rates of recanalization, outcomes remain unfavorable in a significant proportion of patients. Part of this discrepancy is due to intravascular inflammation driven by thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms that…

Mast cells are heterogeneous, tissue-resident immune sentinels best known for their roles in allergy and peripheral inflammation. The discovery of mast cells within the meninges and brain parenchyma over a century ago raised enduring questions regarding their function in the central nervous system (CNS), their ontogeny, and distinction from peripheral counterparts. Brain mast cells are sparse and…

Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in breast cancer, yet mutation-centered models do not fully explain delayed resistance, reversible tolerance, or re-sensitization after treatment interruption. Here, we synthesize recent findings in drug-tolerant persister (DTP) biology, clonal evolution, and tumor ecosystem dynamics to propose a breast cancer-focused Resistance Continuum as a…

Atypical Parkinsonisms are a diverse group of diseases associated with multiple pathologies, including synucleinopathies and tauopathies. Atypical Parkinsonisms include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. The examination of these diseases is complicated due to their overlapping clinical manifestations. Hence, tools ena…

The tumor microenvironment, including extracellular pH (pHe), has emerged as a key regulator of tumor cellular function. Although extracellular acidification sensing and function are well established, the effect of extracellular alkalinization on cellular functioning remains unclear. Here, we report that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) functions as an alkaline sensor and mediator o…

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes high mortality, with cardiomyocyte apoptosis playing a critical role. Although circular RNAs modulate cardiac disorders, related mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify circRERE as a previously unrecognized pro-apoptotic regulator under ischemic stress. circRERE is markedly upregulated in ischemic myocardium and promotes apoptosis by sponging miR-27a-…

Brain metastases are the third most common metastatic site in melanoma patients, with 40% of melanoma patients developing melanoma brain metastasis (MBM). Symptomology of MBM ranges from headaches, neurological deficits, cognitive changes, and seizures, resulting from MBM embedding in areas of highest blood flow following the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via genetic, cytokine, and m…

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder classically defined by defective DNA interstrand crosslink repair, leading to bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Increasing evidence indicates that FA pathophysiology extends beyond genomic instability to include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired antioxidant responses. Across multiple cellular models and patient-…

CARP-1, a perinuclear phospho-protein, is a biphasic regulator of cell survival and apoptosis signaling. We previously found that UV cross-linking of proteins from HeLa cervical cancer cells resulted in STAT3 interacting with the CARP-1 (614–638) peptide. Mutagenesis and co-IP-WB experiments revealed that CARP-1 interacts with a 40-amino-acid epitope from positions 441–480 (CE Epitope) located in…

Takahiro Tsujikawa and Shigeru Hirano were not included as authors in the original publication [...]

Trained immunity refers to the enduring functional reprogramming of innate immune cells after particular stimuli, driven by epigenetic and metabolic alterations that augment non-specific responses upon subsequent exposure. Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, as essential innate effectors, are crucial for the induction and control of trained immunity, which is the primary emphasis of this revie…

Progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) is a primary 4R tauopathy in which early axonal dysfunction may precede overt neurodegeneration; however, the mechanisms linking Tau dysregulation to cytoskeletal vulnerability remain poorly defined. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons from individuals with sporadic PSP-RS and m…

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the principal limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation (LT). Early molecular alterations within the graft may precede clinically overt functional decline, but their biological significance remains incompletely defined. In this single-center exploratory pilot study, 16 bilateral lung transplant recipients underwent bronchoalveola…

Tooth development or odontogenesis is a complex morphogenetic process that requires tightly regulated interactions between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme of neural crest origin. In this narrative review, we compile existing knowledge regarding gene regulatory networks and epigenetic factors throughout tooth development from initiation to eruption. Signaling between the epithelium and mesenchy…