JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Schistosomal appendicitis is an uncommon manifestation of chronic schistosomiasis, typically resulting from egg-induced granulomatous inflammation and luminal obstruction. Although most cases are reported in endemic areas, delayed presentations in non endemic settings are increasingly recognised due to global migration. Hereby, the authors present a rare case of appendicitis with calcified schist…

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. It manifests as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected hand. CTS can be correlated with Vata Pradhana Vyadhi in Ayurveda, where aggravated Vata and Pitta Dosha lead to nerve dysfunction and inflammation. This case report describes a 50-year-old female with a 6-mo…

Introduction: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard treatment for large renal stones. Despite sterile preoperative urine cultures, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) continues to be a common and potentially serious postoperative complication, occurring in up to 30% of cases. This suggests that conventional urine culture alone may not identify all patients at risk. Clinic…

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation induces significant sympathetic stress response, leading to tachycardia and hypertension which can be often deleterious, particularly in laparoscopic surgeries. Several pharmacological agents have been evaluated in order to reduce this response. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, and intravenous lignocaine have been show…

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains the third leading cause of death globally, with a particularly high burden in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Accurate risk stratification during Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is crucial for optimising treatment and resource allocation. The modified DECAF score can be used as a simple…

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia, leading to vascular complications, including Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) and gangrene. Aim: To assess the vascular complications in the lower limbs of diabetic patients by evaluating clinical and radiological findings and analysing treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observa…

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is preferred for infraumbilical surgeries due to its rapid onset and effective postoperative analgesia. Ropivacaine, a long-acting local anaesthetic with reduced cardiotoxicity, is increasingly used with adjuvants to enhance block characteristics. Intrathecal adjuvants like fentanyl are being increasingly used to improve or prolong the anaesthetic and analgesic ef…

Foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree are uncommon in adults and typically involve aspirated debris. Retained or neglected tracheostomy tubes as airway foreign bodies are extremely unusual. Imaging is essential for detecting, localising, and assessing problems. Here, we present a 60-year-old female who presented with persistent cough, worsening dyspnoea, and repeated episodes of lower respi…

Intracranial Germ Cell Tumours (GCTs) represent a rare and heterogeneous group of CNS malignancies that commonly arise in the second decade of life. They account for 0.5-11% of all intracranial neoplasms, with a male:female ratio of 2-2.5:1. Authors report a rare case of a 12-year-old female in paediatric outpatient department who presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, vomiting …

Introduction: Obesity is a recognised risk factor for complications in abdominal surgery wounds. The “dead space” formed by inadequately vascularised subcutaneous adipose tissue permits the accumulation of serous fluid and blood. Bacteria proliferate in this environment, heightening the risk of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and wound dehiscence. Aim: To determine the efficacy of prophylactic sub…

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder characterised by variable treatment responses. Previous research has explored factors influencing patient experiences; however, the understanding of how modifiable and non-modifiable factors relate to treatment effectiveness remains limited and, at times, inconsistent. Aim: To explore how the sociodemographic and clinical factors inf…

Introduction: Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) has evolved into one of the most essential tools for the diagnosis and followup of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Discordance between plasma glucose and HbA1c is being observed, especially in individuals diagnosed with prediabetes. Different types of anaemia, such as iron deficiency, haemolytic, and megaloblastic anaemia, can affect HbA1c results. Aim: To study…

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disorder marked by extensive hepatic fibrosis and profound metabolic disturbances. Among these alterations, Branched-chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine and valine—undergo significant dysregulation, reflecting compromised hepatic function, altered nitrogen metabolism and muscle catabolism. Advances in metabolomic technologies have …

Prolonged compression and abnormal stretch is the cause of many types of Peripheral Nerve Injuries (PNI), but injury due to overtightened handcuffs is a rare occurrence. These neuropathies have a poor prognosis if not treated promptly. A 24-yearold man with combined radial, median, and ulnar nerve injury following handcuff restraint received a 40-day physiotherapy protocol intervention (30-40 min…

Morbid obesity, defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m², poses significant challenges for anaesthetic management, particularly in emergency orthopaedic procedures. The authors present the case of a 62-year-old morbidly obese female (BMI-58.76 kg/m²) with multiple co-morbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and bronchial asthma, …

Introduction: Opioids are traditionally used in balanced anaesthesia to provide analgesia and haemodynamic stability; however, opioid‑related adverse effects such as respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting, delayed recovery, and opioid‑induced hyperalgesia have prompted the search for alternative strategies. Opioid‑Free Anaesthesia (OFA), based on multimodal non opioid analgesia…

Adult-onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder marked by quotidian fever, evanescent rash, and inflammatory arthritis, often requiring exclusion of infectious and autoimmune causes before diagnosis. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 45-year-old female with a two-and-a-half–month history of daily high-grade fever, salmon-coloured maculopapular rash exacerbated du…

Mammary hamartoma is an uncommon benign breast lesion composed of disorganised but mature mammary ducts, lobules, fibrous stroma, and adipose tissue. Despite its characteristic pathological identity, it is often underrecognised clinically because it can mimic other benign breast masses, such as fibroadenoma and lipoma. A 50-year-old woman presented with a longstanding lump (approximately 35 years…

Introduction: Total Knee Replacement (TKR) improves joint function and relieves pain, but postoperative quadriceps atrophy impedes recovery. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), including Russian Current (RC) and High-Voltage Pulsed Galvanic Stimulation (HVPGS), may counteract atrophy. The present prospective study will compare how well they help quadriceps strength and functional recover…