Journal of The Electrochemical Society

Abstract A pulse-fitting methodology for time-domain analysis of lithium-ion battery impedance is presented and systematically extended to address automotive-relevant measurement constraints under controlled test conditions, including non-ideal current profiles, limited stabilisation times, measurement noise, low sampling frequencies, and SOC-dependent OCV contributions. Since no universally appl…

Abstract Prussian white (PW) is among the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and cost-effective synthesis routes. To maintain cost advantages compared with lithium-ion batteries, water-based electrode processing is desirable; however, the strong water affinity of PW introduces significant challenges. Here, we systematically inve…

Abstract Acetonitrile (AN) has been proven as a Li ion battery (LIB) electrolyte solvent especially for low temperature applications. However, it’s instability towards lithiated graphite and metallic Li creates multiple challenges to avoid electrolyte degradation. On one hand, the formation of a protective Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), that is formed at a cell voltage, before AN is decompos…

Abstract To alleviate the severe restacking of multilayer MXene nanosheets induced by strong van der Waals interaction, Ti3C2 MXene synthesized via SnCl2-assisted etching was employed as the precursor, and the effects of different intercalants on its microstructure and electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), an…

The development of high-voltage and long-life cathode materials remains a key challenge for advanced lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report surfactant-regulated two-dimensional BiOCl nanosheets (BiOCl-A) synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and applied as a cathode in a full-cell configuration. Tetramethylammonium iodide (TMAI) effectively directs crystal growth, yielding well-defined n…

Abstract This study focuses on the fast charging of lithium-ion cells with porous graphite electrodes while avoiding lithium plating. We demonstrate that by using a linearized version of the model equations, an optimization problem can be formulated, which bounds the maximum current density and ensures that the open-circuit potential at the graphite surface remains above a critical threshold. Bas…

Abstract Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) with conventional activated carbon cathodes mainly rely on electric-double-layer storage, limiting energy density and electrochemical performance. Although heteroatom doping can tailor electronic structures, introduce active sites, and enhance pseudocapacitance, it often intensifies self-discharge. Herein, DFT calculations show that N/O cod…

Abstract The passivation films formed during electrochemical machining (ECM) of titanium alloys hinder charge transfer, suppress continuous anodic dissolution and destabilize subsequent machining. This study investigated laser depassivation of ECM-treated TA15 alloy under fixed single-pulse laser fluence. The scanning speed was varied from 500 to 15000 mm/s, corresponding to spot overlap rates fr…

Abstract With the increase in single cell area and number in a solid oxide fuel cell stack, the influence of interface contact resistance between cells and interconnects on stack performance becomes particularly significant. This work investigates Ni–Al intermetallic compounds with high oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity as a porous cathode contact layer (CL). The CL is successfully…

Abstract In a previous study, we demonstrated that the hydrophobic protic amide-type ionic liquid (IL), protonated-betaine bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide ([Hbet][TFSA]), is an effective electrolyte for silver oxide (Ag₂O) dissolution and silver metal electrodeposition, enabling silver recovery from spent Ag₂O coin batteries. However, spent batteries contain metallic silver produced during di…

Abstract The rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) deployment has led to increasing volumes of end-of-life batteries, creating an urgent need for sustainable recycling technologies to recover critical metals from complex waste streams. Although leaching has been successfully shown in various DES systems, selective recovery of metals/ metal oxides still remain a challenge. Here, a deep eutecti…

Abstract Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is critical in regulating the stress response, metabolic homeostasis, and immune balance in the human body. Since cortisol is widely distributed in body fluids, the use of easily accessible fluids, such as sweat, makes continuous health assessment possible. Wearable sensors support the non-invasive and in situ collection of biomarkers, while electrochemical s…

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic and carcinogenic toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, poses a major risk to food safety and public health due to its frequent occurrence in cereals and derived products. Conventional detection methods, including HPLC and ELISA, provide high sensitivity but are costly, time-consuming, and unsuitable for on-site use. Currentl…

Abstract A sensitive and selective method for detecting nonylphenol (NP) was established based on β-cyclodextrin/ionic liquid composite electrode (β-CD/nano-CILPE). The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The β-CD/ionic liquid composite not only realized specific recognition of NP t…

Abstract The development of conductive and sustainable materials with high electrochemical performance remains an important goal for next-generation sensing platforms. In this study, a flexible electrochemical sensor was fabricated on a low-cost cellulose-based paper substrate using an MXene/cerium oxide/graphite (MXene/CeO2/G) composite conductive ink. The conductive ink was formulated by disper…

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in highly alkaline media (pH ≥14) offers a promising low-temperature, low-carbon pathway for sustainable iron production. However, the harsh conditions limit the use of conventional reference electrodes (RE), while accurate interpretation of electrochemical data depends critically on RE’s reliability. Here, platinum wire is evaluated as a quas…

Abstract Herein, we explore selectivity toward generation of ClOx (x=1-4) anions and durability of commercial polycrystalline free-standing boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in synthetic ASTM seawater oxidation. 10 min electrooxidation experiments at current densities from 1 to 100 mA/cm2 revealed formation of ClO-, ClO3-, and ClO4- anions. ClO- anions were found to be the dominant reaction pr…

Abstract This study systematically investigates the influence of cavitation-driven bubble dynamics on the material removal characteristics in ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical discharge machining (UA-ECDM). A single-bubble dynamics model is developed to analyze the effect of ultrasonic vibration on bubble oscillation, collapse velocity, and transient pressure generation within the electrolyte. …

LiMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 (LMFP)/graphite Li-ion cells are an emerging low-cost, Ni and Co free alternative to the existing NMC battery technology. Although cells with this chemistry are promising, various issues impact the commercialization of this material. A major failure mechanism identified in these cells is the loss of lithium inventory due to solid-electrolyte interphase breakdown when Mn disso…

Abstract Creatinine is a cornerstone biomarker for evaluating renal function and guiding clinical decisions in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, transplantation, and drug administration. However, its routine determination remains constrained by the specificity, cost, and practicality of conventional analytical methods, limiting accurate and decentralized testing, particularly at the po…