Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic and carcinogenic toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, poses a major risk to food safety and public health due to its frequent occurrence in cereals and derived products. Conventional detection methods, including HPLC and ELISA, provide high sensitivity but are costly, time-consuming, and unsuitable for on-site use. Currently, no effective method exists to reduce AF levels in food and feed, thus early detection remains the only viable strategy for managing contamination. This review highlights advances in electrochemical sensors as promising alternatives, emphasizing the role of nanostructured materials, electrode surface modifications, and molecular recognition strategies such as aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and antibodies. Challenges like matrix effects, sensor stability, and reproducibility are discussed, alongside future perspectives toward portable, reliable, and cost-effective detection platforms.