Aging is a multifaceted biological process affecting various organ systems. Immunosenescence, a key feature of aging, markedly increases susceptibility to infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and also neurodegenerative disorders. Immunosenescence not only accelerates normal aging but also drives the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the lack of a consensus on the mechanistic hallmarks of immunosenescence pres