Nature Electronics, Published online: 10 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41928-026-01688-z A multiphasic-gel-based ion transporter system with cascaded-heterointerface ion traps can offer multistate ionic neuromorphic processing with energy consumption as low as 0.61 pJ per spike.
Soft-matter multistate ionic neuromorphic processing based on cascaded-heterointerface ion traps
Ziguang Zhao

