IntroductionChronic neuroinflammation disrupts oligodendrocyte differentiation and limits effective remyelination across multiple neurological disorders. Among the molecular regulators integrating inflammatory cues with oligodendrocyte maturation, G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has emerged as a critical checkpoint. Physiologically, GPR17 expression is low in early oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), peaks in immature oligodendrocytes, and is subsequently downregulated to allow termina