Revealing buried ferroelectric topologies by depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging
Yu-Tsun Shao
Nature Communications, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73823-5 Using newly developed electron imaging and applied to epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films, the authors uncover a depth evolution of polar textures: surface stripe domains transform into subsurface flux-closure vortices, which bifurcate into three-fold vertices near the bottom electrode.