Nature Communications, Published online: 06 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73903-6 In this study, the authors present that cholecystokinin-positive interneurons (CCK-INs) in hippocampal dorsal CA2 are essential for social memory encoding in male mice by mediating disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. Deficiency of Neuroligin 1 disrupts CCK-INs activity and induces social memory impairments, offering potential therapeutic targets for related psychiatric disorders.