Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and graphene (GN), have attracted significant attention due to their unique structural, electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. Their high surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical characteristics enable a wide range of applications, particularly in biomedicine, electronics, energy storage, and optoelectronics. CNTs, with their tensile strength and electrical conductivity,