Nature Medicine, Published online: 09 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04607-z Following preclinical development, a randomized first-in-human trial showed that treatment with an inhaled, lung-epithelium-targeted siRNA directed against the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was safe and well tolerated and reduced RAGE levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.