Protein phosphorylation, a key post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular activities in eukaryotes. Dysregulation of phosphorylation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases Recent advancements in phosphoproteomics have driven substantial improvements in mass spectrometry technologies, enrichment strategies, and data analysis methodologies, thereby offering a powerful and precise tool for elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of phosphorylatio