Neurodegeneration at the crossroads: the gut-brain axis and blood-brain barrier in Parkinson’s disease — a review
Mina Y. George
Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses, involves abnormal deposition of α-Synuclein and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Beyond this, there is increasing evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) interfere in disease initiation and progression. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects the intestine and the BBB, allowing microbial metabolites and proinflammatory mediators to enter the CNS, causing neuroi