Cancer

Abstract Background Nucleophosmin 1‐mutated ( NPM1mt ) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a relatively favorable prognosis though long‐term outcomes remain suboptimal without clear predictors identified by therapy. Methods In a retrospective analysis, the authors identified 396 patients (18%) with newly diagnosed (ND) NPM1mt AML treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer C…

Abstract BRAF V600 ‐mutant metastatic colorectal cancer comprises a biologically distinct and clinically aggressive subset of metastatic colorectal cancer. Early attempts to apply single‐agent BRAF V600 inhibition failed because of rapid acquired resistance and reactivation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. Over the last decade, rational combinations (BRAF inhibitors and epidermal gr…

Abstract Background Disease‐free survival (DFS) is commonly used as a primary end point in trials for localized renal cell carcinoma ( R CC), although its validity as a surrogate for overall survival (OS) remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether DFS is a reliable surrogate end point for OS in this setting. Methods The authors conducted a systematic review and trial‐l…

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. The goal of reducing mortality from lung cancer requires improvements in many aspects of the care pathway, beginning with early detection. Advances in imaging technologies and their application in clinical practice can contribute to addressing these challenges. As part of the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable…

Patient navigation is generally defined as an individualized service that breaks down barriers to provide comprehensive and equitable cancer care. As the evidence base grows for patient navigation efficacy in diverse settings across the cancer continuum, navigation is increasingly recognized and adopted as an essential resource to aid in linking to and advocating for patient-centered services. To…

In NRG Oncology/RTOG 1010, HER2‐targeted escalation did not improve survival or patient‐reported outcomes in localized esophageal adenocarcinoma. The study illustrates that biologic plausibility and metastatic success do not guarantee benefit in the curative‐intent setting and emphasizes the need for rigorous, patient‐centered end point design in future biomarker‐directed trials.

Frontline blinatumomab combined with chemotherapy has resulted in improved outcomes in both pediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is considered the new cornerstone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The role of asparaginase in this new landscape of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment was extensively discussed by an expert panel of hemato-oncologists to reac…

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are routinely used as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer to reduce the risk of bone recurrences given their anti-resorptive effects on bones and antitumor characteristics. However, there remains limited evidence regarding their utility across different subtypes. METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, the authors assessed the effects of pre- and post-d…

Magnetic resonance imaging radiomics shows promise in guiding the selection of patients most likely to benefit from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with very‐high‐risk, nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer. This work arrives at a moment of rapid expansion in bladder‐sparing therapeutics, even as biomarker‐guided patient selection remains conspicuously absent across the fie…

Health care–related out‐of‐pocket and indirect costs may create financial barriers to initial and/or continued receipt of care among patients with cancer, and subsequent financial toxicity is associated with worse oncologic and quality of life outcomes. Recognition and mitigation of risk factors for financial toxicity are essential to the provision of equitable, high‐quality care.

BACKGROUND: Survivors of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) are at significant long-term risk of treatment- and disease-related complications. The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term outcomes in EWS survivors according to treatment regimen. METHODS: Five-year survivors of EWS diagnosed between 1970 and 1999 from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were included. Late mortality (>5 years from dia…

Large‐scale genomic profiling reveals that osteosarcoma exhibits distinct age‐associated genomic architectures across pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients. These findings support age as a biologically meaningful dimension of osteosarcoma heterogeneity and provide a framework for future molecular stratification and genome‐informed therapeutic development.

Abstract Background Index lesion‐focused ipsilateral systematic biopsy (iSB) has been proposed as a core‐reduction alternative to MRI‐targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy (TB + SB) for prostate cancer, but prospective multicenter validation is limited. Methods This prospective multicenter trial (NCT06584279) enrolled biopsy‐naive men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐…

Abstract Background Therapeutic strategies for myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs) remain suboptimal. Selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of exportin 1, represents a mechanism‐based therapeutic approach. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicated synergistic antileukemic effects when selinexor was combined with hypomethylating agents or janus kinase inhibitors. Me…

Abstract Background The combination of olaparib plus radium‐223 improved progression‐free survival in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases (BM) in the multicenter, randomized, phase 2 COMRADE trial (NCT03317391). Here, the patient‐reported outcome (PRO) analysis of this trial is reported. Methods Patients were randomized 1:1 to olaparib plus radium‐22…

Fianlimab plus cemiplimab demonstrated modest clinical efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced malignancies across several tumor types mostly in treatment-naive patients. Further investigation is warranted.

Poverty in the surrounding counties has a greater impact on mortality among survivors than residential county poverty alone. Incorporating poverty levels from both residential and surrounding counties can improve definitions of high- and low-risk regions after a breast cancer diagnosis.