World Journal of Clinical Cases

BACKGROUND Early-onset anorexia nervosa (EOAN), defined by onset before 14 years of age, represents a severe and complex subtype of anorexia nervosa (AN). It is characterized by persistent restriction of energy intake, significantly low body weight relative to age and height, intense fear of weight gain, and disturbed body image. Given that AN carries the highest mortality rate among psychiatric …

BACKGROUND Rare and complex clinical cases often lack standardized management protocols, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration provides holistic perspectives by integrating surgical, medical, radiological, pathological, and psychosocial expertise. Concurrently, innovative research - including precision medicine, artificial intelligenc…

Diagnostic disagreements between clinical and diagnostic services represent a critical blind spot in modern hospital management, often leading to treatment delays and compromised clinical trial integrity. While retrospective audits have traditionally been used to identify these gaps, they lack the agility required for real-time patient safety. This article examines the findings of Virarkar et al …

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a critical preclinical stage of dementia, with 10%-15% annual progression to Alzheimer’s disease. Although conventional pharmacotherapies provide limited symptomatic relief, herbal medicines have attracted increasing interest because of their pleiotropic mechanisms, which may target neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, cerebral hypometabolism, and…

BACKGROUND Mammary Paget’s disease, also known as Paget’s disease of the breast (PDB), is a rare malignancy of the nipple-areolar complex that is frequently associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma. However, the underlying malignancy may remain occult on conventional imaging, potentially delaying diagnosis. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 75-year-old w…

BACKGROUND Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome after carpal tunnel syndrome. It involves compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness. CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old male patient reported left elbow pain, tingling in the ring and small fingers, and a weak grip for 2 years. An X-ray revealed os subepicondylare m…

BACKGROUND Achieving stable thyroid hormone replacement after total thyroidectomy is challenging owing to the variability in levothyroxine (LT4) absorption. Newer liquid and soft-gel formulations may offer improved bioavailability compared to conventional tablets, but their benefits in thyroidectomized patients remain uncertain. AIM To compare the effectiveness of liquid and soft-gel LT4 with tab…

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in children with epilepsy and may be influenced by antiseizure medications (ASMs). However, prospective longitudinal data evaluating this relationship remain limited. AIM To assess longitudinal changes in serum vitamin D levels and examine their association with seizure control in children receiving ASMs. METHODS In this prospective longitudi…

Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder affecting copper metabolism. Ocular manifestations, particularly Kayser-Fleischer rings and sunflower cataracts, are key diagnostic indicators. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of WD and describes current imaging techniques used for the detection and monitoring of the disease: Slit lamp examination, anterior segment optical co…

BACKGROUND Tight glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, functional decline, and mortality, particularly in frail individuals. However, real-world glycemic patterns and their prognostic implications across different frailty and multimorbidity states remain unclear. AIM To evaluate glycemic control at admission …

BACKGROUND Spinal trauma is a major cause of morbidity, with cervical injuries being the most common type. Desert safari dune bashing, a popular tourist activity, poses a significant risk due to various maneuvers and exposes occupants to flexion-extension, axial loading, and rotational injuries of the spine. Rollover crashes on dunes exert unique forces on occupants, often leading to spinal injur…

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive approaches are now established as the standard of care for the repair of many inguinal and abdominal wall hernias. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has been widely adopted in minimally invasive surgery, enabling real-time visualisation of vascular and lymphatic anatomy. While ICG fluorescence imaging is well established for perfusion a…

BACKGROUND Statin-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is an immune-mediated myopathy characterized by progressive weakness, markedly elevated creatine kinase (CK), and antibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Unlike toxic statin myopathy, symptoms and CK elevation persist despite statin discontinuation and typically require immunosuppressive therapy. Alt…

BACKGROUND Adenosine-sensitive focal atrial tachycardias (AT) arising from the anteroseptal region are uncommon and may be difficult to ablate safely because of their proximity to the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system. Failure of conventional right or left atrial ablation should prompt consideration of alternative anatomical sites. CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old caucasian man with no structural…

BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a widely performed bariatric procedure known for its technical simplicity, safety profile, and effectiveness in long-term weight reduction and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. The development of minimally invasive techniques has led to the growing use of robotic systems, offering enhanced precision and visualization. While traditional SG is typic…

In this article, we comment on the article by Kadiveti et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases . Interventions carried out by pediatric proceduralists, such as anesthetists, dentists, surgeons and even nurses, are usually high-stakes procedures in anxious pediatric patients, where non-verbal communication has the power to influence both patient cooperation and outcomes. The procedu…

BACKGROUND Jugular paragangliomas (JPGLs) are rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors originating from the adventitia of the vessels in the jugular foramen. They typically present with pulsatile tinnitus, conductive hearing loss, and lower cranial nerve palsies. However, atypical presentations can delay diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 76-y…

BACKGROUND Patients with psychiatric diagnoses who are subjected to surgical treatments are at risk of abusing and becoming dependent on opioids, which requires alternate measures to manage pain. One might expect that regional blocks and multimodal analgesia can be effective solutions to minimizing opioid exposure without failing to treat pain somehow in the perioperative period. AIM To determine…

The intersection of ophthalmic disease and mental health represents a complex clinical nexus. Capobianco et al published a study in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases , presented a descriptive case series of 18 patients, utilizing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Form Health Survey to identify a high prevalence of anxiety (50.0%) and impaired physical quali…

BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and remains an important cause of neurological morbidity worldwide. Intraventricular NCC may lead to obstructive hydrocephalus and often requires surgical management. The fourth ventricle is the most frequently involved intraventricular location but poses specific diagnostic and therapeutic ch…