Animals

Thamnaconus septentrionalis is an economically important marine aquaculture species in China. However, the acceptance rate of formulated feeds in commercial farming is only 30–40%, substantially lower than the 80–90% achieved with fresh feeds, which severely constrains the intensive development of this industry. The gut microbiota-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of different…

Muscle fibers exhibit high plasticity: both the fast-twitch fiber type and slow-twitch fiber type can mutually transform under the regulation of phosphorylation. In this study, we characterized the muscle fiber profiles and phosphoproteomes of the m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and m. soleus (SOL) in slow-growing Xueshan chickens and fast-growing Ross 308 broilers. Fiber-type distribution was…

This study evaluated the effects of Nypa fruticans fruit pellet supplementation combined with different CP levels on rumen fermentation characteristics and CH4 production using an in vitro gas production technique. A 3 × 4 factorial arrangement was used, consisting of three CP levels (12, 14, and 16%) and four levels of Nypa fruticans fruit pellet supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of substra…

Neonatal puppies and kittens face a critical period after birth, during which their health depends heavily on the microorganisms they acquire from their mothers and environment. These microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, help newborns develop their immune systems, digest nutrients, and protect against disease. This review explores how these microorganisms are transferred from the mother t…

Mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Berberine (BBR) has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential, but its application is limited due to poor oral absorption and difficulty in reaching mammary tissue. To address this, this study developed a BBR-loaded composite ethosome hydrogel (BBR-CEH) to achieve targeted mammary delivery…

The keeping of companion chicken flocks has recently grown in popularity, increasing the demand for advanced veterinary care. The clinical utility of echocardiography is currently limited by a lack of established reference intervals for adult chickens of non-commercial breeds. Therefore, the objective of this prospective observational study was to establish echocardiographic reference intervals f…

Indigenous pigs constitute crucial genetic reservoirs. Adipose tissue is central to pig growth and metabolism, yet its molecular ontogeny remains poorly characterized in indigenous breeds such as the Ningxiang pig. We employed mass spectrometry to profile backfat proteomes across six postnatal stages (60–360 days). Proteomes clearly separated early (60–120 days) from late stages (300–360 days). O…

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary lipid and starch levels on growth performance, biochemical components, and hepatic glycolipid metabolism in hybrid grouper. Nine isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain three levels of lipid (6%, 10%, or 14%) and starch (14%, 21%, or 28%) using a 3 × 3 factorial design. Juvenile fish (initial body weight: 19.0…

Invasive alien species (IAS) not only threaten biodiversity and ecosystems but also play a significant role in the spread of infectious diseases; however, the epidemiological role of many IAS remains poorly understood. This study presents the first systematic review of major pathogens reported in 22 IAS of concern to the European Community. Given the breadth of available data, we relied on a lite…

The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in the cattle genome associated with estimated breeding values of feet (EBVfeet) in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Hungary. Foot health is of major importance in dairy cattle industry whereas claw disorders are leading to lameness and thus result in low fertility rates and productivity. Genotyping was performed using the EuroG_MDv4 microarray platform. T…

Cattle behavior constitutes important phenotypic information reflecting animals’ health status, activity level, and welfare condition, and is therefore of considerable significance for automated monitoring and precision management in smart livestock farming. However, under complex barn conditions, cattle behavior recognition is easily affected by factors such as illumination variation, partial oc…

Salmonella enterica remains a major threat to animal and human health because of its broad host range, increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and capacity to form biofilms. Biofilm formation enhances bacterial persistence in host tissues, farm environments, food-processing systems, and clinical reservoirs, while also contributing to their tolerance against antibiotics, disinfectants, and othe…

REs play critical roles in modulating gene expression and shaping phenotypic diversity; however, their evolutionary dynamics in pigs remain incompletely understood. Based on genome alignments across 13 species, we characterized the hierarchical structure of REs evolution in pigs, consisting of cross-species conserved, Suidae-specific, and Sus scrofa-specific regulatory elements. Only 2.86% of REs…

This narrative review examines the clinical application of tiletamine–zolazepam (TZ) in exotic pet and wildlife anesthesia, addressing the complexities inherent in managing a broad taxonomic spectrum with diverse physiological profiles and temperaments. As a fixed-dose combination, TZ is a cornerstone of multimodal protocols designed to achieve balanced anesthesia. Its lyophilized formulation per…

Canola meal, with environmentally friendly attributes, lower cost, and previous studies, is an interesting proteic source to partially replace the soybean meal for poultry nutrition. For that, in this work we aimed to investigate canola meal as a partial replacement of soybean meal in finishing poultry diets (21 to 49 days) on the productive performance, also including the impact on the quality, …

The spotted seal (Phoca largha) is a flagship species and natural monument inhabiting Korean coastal waters. Due to its conservation importance and the rarity of carcass discoveries, determining the cause of death of each individual is critical. A juvenile female spotted seal carcass was discovered on the eastern coast of Korea in May 2025. External examination revealed multiple parallel lacerati…

Although renal disease in Syrian hamsters (SHs) has been reported, imaging studies of normal kidneys in this commonly used pet and laboratory species are lacking, despite the key role of imaging in diagnosis. This study aimed to examine kidneys of Syrian hamsters using radiographic and anatomical methods, focusing on kidney location, visibility, size, and its ratio to the second lumbar vertebra, …

This study conducted a 70-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation (0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 g/kg) in red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). Growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant-related parameters, and the expression of genes related to the Toll/Imd and JAK-STAT pathways were determined. Results showed that dietary L. plantarum sup…

Forensic veterinary pathology is becoming increasingly important in investigating situations of suspected animal abuse. In Trinidad and Tobago, there are only two veterinary diagnostic laboratories capable of performing necropsies, one at the University of the West Indies School of Veterinary Medicine (UWI-SVM) and the other at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Veterinary Diagnostic Labo…

Plasma cell neoplasia is uncommon in cats, and multicentric nodal-predominant involvement has not been well characterized. This report describes a multicentric round cell neoplasia with plasmacytic differentiation in a 14-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat, emphasizing multimodal imaging features and treatment response. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were perfor…