CpG oligonucleotides are potent immunoadjuvants that hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy, but their clinical use is limited by in vivo instability, off-target toxicity, and poor tumor targeting. Intelligent nanoplatforms offer effective solutions to these challenges by protecting CpG, improving delivery precision, and enabling on-demand cargo release. This review summarizes four major design strategies: biomimetic/biohybrid systems for targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers f