Synthesis of Nano-Silicon Hybrid Alkyl Carboxylate to Inhibit Water and Chloride Transport in Concrete

Concrete is vulnerable to water and chloride ingress because of its porous structure and hydrophilic hydration products. To address the poor dispersion, hydration interference, and strength loss often associated with conventional hydrophobic modifiers, this study synthesized a nano-silicon hybrid hydrophobic polymer ester (HPE) based on C12 alkyl carboxylate groups. Unlike conventional nano-silicon or alkyl-based modifiers that mainly rely on pore refinement or surface hydrophobization alone, HP