In Chinese folk medicine, lily bulbs have traditionally been used to help lower blood glucose levels. Numerous studies have demonstrated that extracts from lily bulbs possess significant hypoglycemic activity. However, the specific active metabolites and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study first evaluated the hypoglycemic activities of extracts from four common lily species: Lilium lancifolium Thunb (Juandan lily), Lilium davidii var. Unicolor (Lanzhou lily), Lilium brownii va